Ayn Rand's Final Speech Denounced A Popular Politician And His Ideology (msn.com)
Wednesday, June 29, 2022
Bombshell Testimony and other News.
Today, former Trump White House aide Cassidy Hutchinson gave a bombshell, shocking testimony to Congress. Even now, it's a lot to digest. This information increases the chance of Donald Trump and others to be finally charged for many crimes. In the meantime, it's time to review Hutchinson's testimony. Hutchinson has sworn under oath these words. This is all of her eyewitness accounts of the nature of the Trump White House. She gave words to expose the abusive, nefarious, lying, and barbaric actions of former President Donald Trump. This is why I didn't vote for Trump in 2020. She said that Trump and his inner circle were warned about the potential for violence on January 6, 2021, and how Trump wanted to join the terrorists at the U.S. Capitol who caused the insurrection. She said that Trump knew that the terrorists had weapons and didn't care. Hutchinson cooperated with the House select committee in a very transparent fashion. She said that when the crowd of terrorists wanted to hang Mike Pence, Trump supported the chant and said that Pence deserved it. Hutchinson said that Trump was in a Presidential vehicle wanting to go to the Capitol riot. Secret Service refused, so Trump tried to grab the wheel and assault a Secret Service agent. They got Trump and placed him in the White House. He blamed Meadows for not going to the terrorist event. Recently, some Secret Service agents denied that Trump wanted to fight agents or grabbed the steering wheel.
Hutchinson, under oath, said that Trump was personally aware of the threat of violence in the U.S. Capitol. Trump was told that weapons were confiscated from many of his supporters who came for the rally. She said that Trump wanted to take the metal detectors away. It is incredible evidence of Trump doing nothing and desiring to allow terrorists to carry weapons to the U.S. Capitol. The insurrectionists had body armor and weapons when they terrorized the U.S. Capitol. Trump is obviously an active collaborator in the insurrection overtly. White House Counsel Pat Cipollone said that people are going to die as a product of the riot, and Meadows refused to confront Trump about Mike Pence's life being in danger. Meadows supports the election lie. Hutchinson said that Trump was cursing in the White House, throwing food on the walls, stripping away tables, etc. Liz Cheney said that there might be evidence of witness tampering too. Democratic Chair of the committee Rep. Bennie Thompson of Mississippi wants more cooperation to come. The habitual liar Trump has denied all allegations, but he is guilty of the coup attempt against American democracy. Cipollone warned that if the White House would go to the Capitol, they will be charged with every crime possible. Hutchinson could have the John Dean moment in relation to the House January 6th committee investigation event. Cassidy Hutchinson's testimony changes everything because she is a first-hand witness to these occurrences. Donald Trump must be held accountable for his treasonous actions.
In Africa, there was a massacre of 37 refugees, and the police were at the Melilla border. Many say that the police are involved in the massacre, and Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez hailed the massacre as "human policy." This is sick from Sanchez as he is a stone-cold liar. This is not humane treatment. This is barbarism against human beings seeking a better life. We know that the PSOE-Pedoemos government in Spain has deployed armored vehicles and riot police against striking metalworkers in Cadiz, Spain. There were 23,000 police crushing a trucker strike in Spain. These migrants tried to cross the Moroccan border into Melilla. Many of them came from Chad, Niger, Sudan, and South Sudan. They would be considered potential asylum seekers according to international law. Witnesses said that Moroccan policemen on Spanish soil were detaining, assaulting, and returning migrants.
The Russian airstrike at a busy shopping mall in Central Ukraine has nothing to do with targeting a military target. It has nothing to do with trying to stop a war. It has completely to do with executing an explicit war crime against civilian populations. A mall is a location where human beings eat food, shop for items, and try to have a good time in various forms of entertainment. Putin, his military forces, and his apologists are complicit in being supporters of lies. Putin is a tyrant, a liar (by saying that Ukraine has no right to exist and glorifying the Russian czars when they were authoritarian extremists), and a war criminal. There is no excuse whatsoever for the airstrike at Kremenchuk, Ukraine. 1,000 people were in the mall when the attack occurred according to Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky. The aftermath is where at least 11 people have died and at least 58 people were injured. Smoke was everywhere and rubble is still found in the vicinity. This comes during the G7 summit in Germany. Biden wants to send advanced, medium to long-range surface-to-air missiles in a defense system to Ukraine. Russia captured the city of Severodonetsk after weeks of fighting. Russia has taken the area south of Lysychansk. Zelensky wants the war to be over by the end of the year.
Yesterday was the Birthday of Sister Tichina Arnold, and she is 53 years old. For decades, she has been one of the most talented actresses of our generation. She can sing, dance, and act on many different platforms. Her lifelong friend is Tisha Campbell too. Tichina Arnold was born in Queens, New York City. Her family was strong and working class. Her mother Diana was a sanitation worker, and her father Gene, was a police officer. She was raised in the Church of God in Christ church. Later, she attended the Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts. That's a famous school in Queens, NYC. Her career started heavily in 1986 when she played Crystal (or one of the 3 chorus girls) in the musical Little Shop of Horrors in 1986. Tisha Campbell was there too. She was only 16 years old back then. Later, Tichina was in films like How I Got Into College, Ryan's Hope, etc. She was in All My Children from 1989 to 1991. People know her for playing Pam on the sitcom Martin from 1992-1997. Then, she came into more roles like One on One, Wild Hogs, Civil Brand (which is a great film about the prison industrial complex), and The Lena Baker story in 2008. Tichina Arnold played the matriarch Rochelle in the sitcom Everybody Hates Christ from 2005 to 2009. She worked with Fran Drescher on the show Happily Divorced. She is friends with tons of a who's who of black Hollywood like Miche'le, Janet Jackson, Vivica A. Fox, Regina King, and LisaRaye McCoy. She is a friend to Christina Aguilera too. She loves her daughter. Her philanthropy is wide reaching. The We Will Win Foundation was created by her and her sister in 2013. Its purpose is to help people with lupus, as her sister, Zenay has the disease. Since 2021, she has been on the TV show called The Neighborhood (playing Tina Butler) on CBS. She won many awards like the 1996 Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. She won a Teen Choice Award in 2006 and another Image Award in 2006 for her role in the show of Everybody Hates Chris. Tichina Arnold has humor, a down-to-Earth personality, and wit that certainly inspires us all. I wish Sister Tichina Arnold more blessings.
By Timothy
Monday, June 27, 2022
Lessons in History and Culture.
William Jefferson Clinton was a very historic President in many ways. He was the first President who existed completely after the Cold War, and he was the first President whose Presidency existed during the 21st century. So, he saw both the old school and new school realities of American society. I remember growing up and hearing the far-right extremists viewing Bill Clinton as far left, near Communist, and extreme. These views are laughable. With more research now, we see that Bill Clinton was a centrist President not a super progressive President. Bill Clinton's ultimate legacy as President is that he made monumental contributions to society, and many scandals almost ruined his Presidency. Yet, he made many comebacks to make the country to be a better space in 2001 than in 1993 when his Presidency started. To start, Bill Clinton was born on August 19, 1946, and his original name is William Jefferson Blythe IV. Hope, Arkansas was the place of his birth. His biological father died in a traffic accident. He took his last name from his stepfather named Roger Clinton. Bill Clinton's mother was Virginia Kelley.
By July 24, 1963, he was a high school student and delegate to the American Legion Boys Nation. Bill Clinton met his political hero President John F. Kennedy in the White House Rose Garden and is photographed shaking Kennedy's hand. President John F. Kennedy believed in Social Security, universal health care for the elderly, civil rights, and ending oil allowances for large oil corporations. By 1968, Bill Clinton won a Rhodes Scholarship to go to Oxford University in England. In the same year, he earned a Bachelor's degree from Georgetown University School of Foreign Service. In 1973, he earned a law degree from Yale University and took a teaching job at the University of Arkansas Law School. By this time, she met Hillary Clinton, who was a legal scholar herself. Bill Clinton ran for office and lost an Arkansas congressional race to the incumbent Republican Rep. John Paul Hammerschmidt back in 1974. Bill Clinton and Hillary Rodham married on October 11, 1975, in Fayetteville, Arkansas. Clinton continues onward with his political career to be elected Attorney General of Arkansas in 1976. Bill Clinton was ambitious in his life. So, he was elected governor of Arkansas in November 7, 1978, defeating Republican Lynn Lowe. On February 27, 1980, the couple Bill and Hillary Clinton gave birth to their daughter of Chelsea. Bill Clinton lost his re-election bid as Arkansas governor on November 4, 1980. Therefore, he took a job at a private law firm.
Bill Clinton fought long and hard to win re-election as governor as he defeated the Republican Governor Frank D. White in the rematch of the 1980 race. By the 1980s, he had grown his popularity and was part of the new, neoliberal DLC movement. This movement wanted moderate views, not old-school New Deal liberalism, to dominate the Democratic Party ideologically. Bill Clinton ran for President on October 3, 1991, during his fifth term as governor of Arkansas. Most of the Democratic candidates for President were moderates. Clinton had to face many people. The person that he didn't like in the Democratic Primary was California political leader Jerry Brown. Jerry Brown was more progressive. Bill Clinton defended his wife against Brown's allegation. By this time, the country of America was in a recession. Jobs were lost, and people were suffering. President George H. W. Bush was in low popularity because he experienced a recession by the end of his first term. Bush Sr. accused Bill Clinton of being a tax and spend liberal. Clinton wanted a change from Bush Sr. Clinton wanted more investments, tax increases for the super-rich, and other policies. Bill Clinton criticized Reaganomics as a detriment to the growth of the economy of Americans. Bill Clinton won the Democratic Party's nomination and decided to pick Al Gore as his Vice-Presidential candidate. Bill Clinton is known for his great oratory ability and his debating skills, so he is similar to Barack Obama being a great one in a generation political leader. Even back then, he or Bill Clinton had controversies. Unlike Barack Obama, Bill Clinton unjustly criticized Sistah Soujah for misinterpreting what she meant. Sistah Soujah responded to Clinton and set the record straight about what she meant. In 1992, Bill Clinton had accusations of draft dodging during the Vietnam War, allegations of an extramarital affair, etc. He finished 2nd in the New Hampshire Democratic primary and said that he is "the comeback kid." By June 2, 1992, he won the Democratic nomination for President. He became the Democratic party's candidate for President at the Democratic National Convention in New York. Al Gore is his running rate. In that speech in New York, Bill Clinton said the following words: "Our country is falling behind. The President is caught in the grip of a failed economic theory. We have gone from first to 13th in the world in wages since Ronald Reagan and Bush have been in office." That speech have him wanting to unify the Democratic party on July 16th, 1992 on Thursdays at Madison Square Garden.
Ross Perot came into the debate and Presidential race as an Independent candidate. By November 3, 1992, Bill Clinton won the election. He had 43 percent of the popular vote and 370 electoral votes to defeat both President George H. W. Bush and Ross Pero. Democrats have the majority in both houses of Congress. He was inaugurated as the 42nd President of the United States on January 20, 1993, when I was in the 4th grade. Maya Angelou gave a speech at the inauguration. From the beginning, he started to work. On January 22, 1993, he signed orders overturning Reagan and Bush-era restrictions on abortions. By February 5, 1993, he signed his first law. It is called the Family and Medical Leave Act, which allowed workers at large companies to take up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave to attend to family concerns. The federal raid at Waco took place on April 19, 1993. At Waco, cult leader David Koresh called himself Jesus Christ and had followers. Attorney General Janet Reno authorized a federal raid to end a standoff at the compound. Many people died in a fire, including the cult leader David Koresh. There is controversy over whether the federal raid was too excessive or not. On July 19, 1993, after disputes over whether to allow homosexuals to serve in the military, Clinton proposes a "don't ask, don't tell" compromise with military leaders. The policy allows homosexuals to serve in the military if they do not reveal their homosexuality and refrain from homosexual conduct. President Barack Obama would later end don't ask and don't tell to allow LBGTQIA+ people to serve openly in the military. White House attorney Vince Foster was found dead on July 20, 1993. By August 10, 1993, President Clinton signed the first federal budget -- which calls for reducing spending and increasing taxes to reduce the deficit -- after it narrowly gained Congressional approval. Ruth Bader Ginsburg was sworn into the Supreme Court to replace Justice Byron White, becoming the second woman to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court on August 10, 1993. Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization signed a peace accord at the White House outlining limited Palestinian self-rule in Israeli-occupied territories. That existed on September 13, 1993. Bill Clinton signed the legislation forming AmeriCorps programs, that helped people to volunteer for national service and earn money for college (on September 21, 1993).
Eighteen U.S. soldiers, part of peacekeeping and the humanitarian force sent to Somalia by President Bush, are killed after coming under fire (on October 3, 1993). One of his best accomplishments was when Bill Clinton signed the Brady Bill on November 30, 1993. That imposed a waiting period and background checks for purchasing handguns. One of the most controversial bills that he signed was the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on December 8, 1993. It sought to reduce tariffs and other trade barriers between North American nations. Progressives didn't like parts of it not dealing with labor and environmental issues. Many conservatives didn't like it over national sovereignty issues. Attorney General Janet Reno names Robert Fiske as independent counsel to investigate questions surrounding the Clintons' real-estate investment in the Whitewater Development Corporation. That was on January 20, 1994. American troops left Somalia in March of 1994. On May 6, 1994, Paula Jones files a civil lawsuit, later dismissed by a U.S. District Court judge, alleging Clinton made sexual advances toward her in 1991, while he was governor of Arkansas. At the White House, leaders of Israel and Jordan signed an agreement ending a longstanding state of war between the two nations on July 25, 1994. He ordered 200 U.S. troops to help Rwanda's humanitarian relief efforts after tons of people died in a civil war. On August 3, 1994, Stephen Breyer was sworn in to replace Justice Harry Blackmun on the U.S. Supreme Court. On September 13, 1994, Bill Clinton signed a bill banning assault weapons and funding police hiring plus state anti-crime efforts. The Crime Bill was now law. Congress failed to support Clinton's universal health care initiative, which was led by Hillary Rodham Clinton. It was taboo back then to advocate for universal health care. The Affordable Care Act would be passed many years later during the Obama Presidency.
On October 10, 1994, facing a threat from U.S. military forces, Haitian military leader Raoul Cedras yielded power to democratically elected President Jean-Bertrand Aristide. North Korea agreed to shut down nuclear plants that could produce bomb material in exchange for U.S. help in setting up alternate power supplies. This was on October 21, 1994. Troops left Rwanda in October of 1994. On November 8, 1994, there were historic Republican gains being majorities in both houses of Congress in the mid-term elections. There was pressure from conservatives to make Clinton more moderate after Republicans stopped many of his progressive nominees from cabinet positions. On December 8, 1994, Clinton signed the global trade agreement that created the World Trade Organization.
On April 19, 1995, the Oklahoma City bombing took place at the federal building in Oklahoma City killing 168 human beings. Timothy McVeigh was involved along with Terry Nichols. I was in the 6th grade when it took place. I remember the events just like yesterday. It was total mayhem and destruction. Clinton gave a speech showing confront and proposed legislation similar to the Patriot Act. On August 5, 1995, America and Vietnam formed diplomatic relations. In 1996, he signed the telecommunications deregulation bill. On April 26, 1996, after the 2ndgovernment shutdown, Clinton and Congress finally agree on a compromise federal budget. Republican Newt Gingrich lost the battle, and Clinton improved his popularity by 1996. He signed the amendments to strengthen the Safe Drinking Water Act. The law that I disagree with Clinton the most is the welfare reform bill that he signed on August 22, 1996. Many Democrats and progressives opposed him, because the bill limited welfare benefits for five years, gives more control to the states, and ruins much of the New Deal social safety net protections for poor, oppressed communities.
After the OKC Bombing, Bill Clinton ran for President for his 2nd term. He fought hard against Republican candidate Bob Dole. He won easily in 1996 because the economy was stronger, he was popular, and Bill Clinton signed many pieces of legislation that benefited people. Bill Clinton spoke about his views at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago on August 28, 1996. America used missiles at Iraq to stop Kurdish oppression. By November 5, 1996, Bill Clinton has re-elected President with 49 percent of the popular vote and 379 electoral votes, defeating Sen. Bob Dole, R-Kan., and Reform Party candidate Ross Perot. By January 20, 1997, Bill Clinton was sworn into his 2nd term. By August 5, 1997, after a compromise with Republicans, signed tax-relief plan reducing estate and capital gains taxes, increasing cigarette taxes, establishing tax credits for children and college tuition, and created Roth IRAs. In 1997, he promoted SCHIP, which saved many lives. 1997 was a time when Bill Clinton was hugely popular. Then, 1998 existed. On January 16, 1998, Kenneth Starr, who replaced Fiske as independent counsel in August 1994, receives permission from Reno to expand his investigation to include a probe of Clinton's alleged sexual affair with White House intern Monica Lewinsky. By January 17, 1998, Bill Clinton denied a sexual relationship with Monica Lewinsky in a deposition for Jones' lawsuit. He lied. On January 26, 1998, Bill Clinton publicly denied the allegations by saying, "I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky." On April 1, 1998, the U.S. District Court judge dismisses Jones' lawsuit. She later drops an appeal of the dismissal, agreeing to a financial settlement. Later, President Bill Clinton admitted that he had an affair with Monica Lewinsky. I remembered the date of August 7, 1998, when terrorists bomb U.S. embassies in Nairobi, Kenya, and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Hundreds of people were killed and thousands of people were injured. The coward Osama bin Laden and his terrorists were involved in the attack.
Bill Clinton testified via closed-circuit television from the White House before the federal Whitewater grand jury, becoming the first president to testify before a grand jury in his own defense by August 17, 1998. August 20, 1998, was when Bill Clinton Orders retaliatory missile attacks in response to the embassy bombings. The attacks in Afghanistan and Sudan are said to target Osama bin Laden's terror network, which is suspected of launching the embassy attacks. Sept. 9, 1998, was when Starr delivered to Congress an explicit report detailing the findings of his years-long investigation into Clinton's alleged wrongdoing. Oct. 23, 1998, was when Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat reached an agreement at Clinton-organized talks in Maryland that Israel will transfer more West Bank territory into Palestinian control in exchange for Palestinian efforts to curb terrorism. However, violence later increases and Israel refuses to transfer the territory. Oct. 28, 1998, was the date when Clinton announces a $70 billion budget surplus -- the first federal surplus since 1969. Dec. 16, 1998, was when Bill Clinton becomes the second U.S. president to be impeached by the House of Representatives. On February 12, 1999, the Senate finds Clinton not guilty of the House's impeachment charges of perjury and obstruction of justice. On March 24, 1999, NATO forces, including those from the United States, start bombing Serb military targets in Kosovo. Some of the NATO bombings constitute war crimes. On June 10, 1999, negotiators reached an international peace plan for Kosovo. NATO suspends bombing campaign.
Oct. 13, 1999, was when the U.S. Senate refuses to ratify the Clinton-signed Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, which would have to forbid nuclear weapons testing. Sept. 2, 1999, was when The Clintons purchase a home in Chappaqua, N.Y., north of New York City. Feb. 4, 2000, was the time when Bill Clinton announced that the U.S. economy has set a record for its longest uninterrupted economic expansion. April 22, 2000, was when Federal agents seized Elian Gonzalez, a 6-year-old Cuban refugee boy, in a raid on the Miami home of his relatives. Officials eventually returned Gonzalez to his father's custody in Cuba, angering many U.S.-based Cubans. July 13, 2000, was when the United States and Vietnam normalize trade relations. Oct. 10, 2000 was the time when Clinton signed a bill to grant permanent normal trade relations with China. Oct. 12, 2000, was when terrorists attacked the USS Cole in a Yemeni port, blowing a hole in the side of the ship and killing 17 sailors. Nov. 7, 2000, was when Hillary Clinton is elected to represent New York state in the U.S. Senate. Turmoil involving the vote in Florida leaves the presidential race between Gore and Republican Texas Gov. George W. Bush unresolved, though Bush eventually emerges as the winner. Nov. 17, 2000, was when Bill Clinton arrives for the first official state visit to Vietnam by a U.S. president. Jan. 20, 2001, or on his last day in office, Clinton grants pardons to dozens of people, including Marc Rich, a commodities trader living in Switzerland to avoid prosecution on numerous charges. Bill Clinton ends his Presidency. Bill Clinton works in Harlem, NYC in his office space. Living History was released in 2003 being Hillary Clinton's memoirs. Bill Clinton survived heart bypass surgery in New York City on September 6, 2004. Bill Clinton works with George H. W. Bush (his friend) to invest in a response to help the victims of the 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean. He fights childhood obesity with Mike Huckabee. He works to help the victims of Hurricane Katrina with Bush Sr. too. When Hillary Clinton ran for President in 2008, Bill Clinton didn't like Barack Obama for a time. It was personal. Both Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama criticized each other. On January 26, 2008, there was a controversy by explaining Barack Obama's success in the South Carolina Democratic presidential primary against his wife, Hillary Clinton, by citing an earlier African-American candidate's record there: "Jesse Jackson won South Carolina in '84 and '88. Jackson ran a good campaign. And Obama ran a good campaign here." The book Game Change paraphrases a conversation between Senator Ted Kennedy and former President Bill Clinton in which the latter (i.e. Bill Clinton) says about President Obama, “A few years ago, this guy would have been getting us coffee," reports POLITICO. When Kennedy endorsed Obama instead of Hillary Clinton, the former president is said to groaned, “the only reason you are endorsing him is because he’s Black. Let’s just be clear.” These quotes from the book Game Change, which was written by journalists MARK HALPERIN AND JOHN HEILEMANN.
Bill Clinton has promoted the Clinton Foundation with his family. Clinton was the U.N. special envoy in dealing with the effort to help people during the 2010 Haitian Earthquake disaster. Recently, he spoke during the night of the 2021 Biden inauguration ceremony to advance unity in American society. President William Jefferson Clinton had a wide-ranging legacy as President. He helped to expand the American economy to new heights. He worked to lower the crime rates in America, he expanded the social safety net in many ways, and he has grown the Democratic Party in many ways. He made numerous mistakes like adultery, the welfare reform act, many imperial policies, the growth of the prison industrial complex, and other compromises with Republicans (as Bill Clinton was a leader of the Democratic Leadership Council being a centrist, neoliberal group dedicated to the status quo on many political issues). The 1996 welfare reform law was one of Clinton's biggest errors as President causing about 426,000 children to live in poverty in a year after the law was passed (according to a report by the Children's Defense Fund). By and large, his Presidency marked the end of the 20th century and the start of the 21st century in the increase of economic growth. Clinton was a moderate President who believed in the power and strength of America to do some good in enriching its general welfare. He was a great orator and a politically astute person who loved the art of political strategy.
Hip Hop in 2022 has been filled a mixture of legendary artists showing their music and the new generation of musicians expressing themselves. One album released in 2022 was KRE One called IMACU12. The songs in the albums have his personal philosophies on hip hop, lyricism, and his bragging style. It has many stories about the story of hip hop starting out in New York City from a poor environment to make a living. The 1980's was described by him as being dominated heavily by the crack epidemic. The crack epidemic ruined so many families and other lives during that decade. Ironically, hip hop produced some of the greatest hip hop music during the 1980's too. In 2022, Black Thought worked with Danger Mouse in the song of No Gold Teeth. Black Thought is unique in the sense he is rapping like he is 20 years old, but he is 50 years old. Easily, Black Thought is one of the greatest lyricists in history being part of the hip-hop group called The Roots. I heard of The Roots back in 1996 when they showed a commercial on Splash TV. Black Thought's complex lyricism, double entendres, and politically aware lyrics plus his continuous multisyllabic rhyme schemes make him an icon of hip hop music. The beat in the son of No Gold Teeth is nostalgic. Black Thought and Danger Mouse has a song in 2022 called Because too (featuring Joey Bad___, Russ, and Dylan Cartlidge). Albums in 2022 like Donda 2 from Kanye West, Pusha T's It's Almost Dry, and Kendrick Lamar's Mr. Moral and the Big Steepers show hip hop's further evolution into more creative spaces. Hip-hop music is diverse too. There are experimental albums, club albums, and political albums made by people like Lupe Fiasco's Drill Music in Zion, Big K.R.I.T.'s Digital Roses Don't Die, Logic's Vinyl Davis, MC Eiht's Revolution in Progress, Vince Staples's Ramona Park Broke My Heart, Coi Leray's Trendsetter, and tons of other music.
It shows lyrics about survival in an imperfect society. Black Thought is one of the few MCs in history who has been around for over 30 years and haven't lost a step in his lyrical ability. Sampa the Great has made new music called "Never Forget" as a tribute to Zamrock. Her song called Lane ft. Denzel Curry represents her views and her journey in life. Sampa Tembo or Sampa the Great was born in Zambia. She is almost 29 years old. Hip Hop now is dominated by women MCs too like Nicki Minaj, Latto, and other people. The recent Czarface album of Czarmageddon is abstract, has references to comic books, and has tons of internal rhymes. Czarface is a duo group made up of Inspectah Deck (who is from Wu Tang Clan and is one of the most underrated lyricism of all time), DJ 7L, and Esoteric (who is a great artist). Even in 2022, Nas' Magic album is very popular. Black Star released their album called No Fear of Time filled with music, philosophies on life, spirituality, and more lessons. Black Star is the duo made up of Talib Kweli and Mos Def.
R&B music in 2022 is very much diverse. There is Silk Sonic, The Weeknd, Muni Long, and Ella Mai. There are records made by Lizzo. Lizzo can dance, sing, write songs, and perform. Heart on My Sleeve is Ella Mai's new album released on May 2022. She also has a recent song with Babyface too. It is called Keeps on Fallin'. One of the most important albums of R&B in 2022 is Mary J. Blige's album of Good Morning Gorgeous. The album is her 14th studio album. It's her first release under 300 Entertainment. It has been produced by tons of people like H.E.R., Anderson.Paak, Dj Khaled, Jerry Duplessis, London on da Track, Swizz Beatz, etc. It has collaborations with Anderson.Paak, Usher, Dave East, Fivio Foreign, and other people. Good Morning Gorgeous celebrates the inspiration, strength, beauty, and heart of women, especially black women. In 2022, she won the Icon Award at the Billboard Music Awards. She won the BET Awards in 2022 for the BET Her Award. Ella Mai's album of Heart of My Sleeve (which was released on May 6, 2022) is heavily cohesive, potent, and has a flow. Her songs on that album detail her experiences and feelings about love and romance in complex terms. R&B music has been strong with people like Chloe, Halle, Ari Lennox, Summer Walker, Tems, Jazmine Sullivan, Bleu, Given, Lucky Daye, and other human beings.
By Timothy
Saturday, June 25, 2022
Friday, June 24, 2022
Late June 2022 Updates.
In terms of the January 6th hearing on Thursday, it was the 5th hearing that took place. One breaking piece of news is that on Thursday, FBI agents came out to raid the home of Trump lawyer Jeffrey Clark (who is an environmental lawyer). They took out electronic devices which shows that he is under investigation. The hearing today showed conclusive evidence that former President Donald Trump wanted to weaponize the Justice Department during the end of his Presidency in a plot to try to overthrow the 2020 election plus stay in power. Jeffrey Clark wanted to follow Trump to use the DOJ to steal the election, but lawyers stopped them from doing so. Trump's pressure on the DOJ is clearly showing malice intent on the part of Donald Trump. Clark wanted to send letters to Georgia and other states to claim that election fraud took place which is false. The witnesses are Attorney General Jeffrey Rosen, his deputy Richard Donoghue, and Steven Engel (who heads the department's Office of Legal Counsel). Former Trump aide said that multiple GOP lawmakers wanted Trump to pardon them because those lawmakers knew that they were wrong in their lying 2020 election fraud claims. DOJ officials said that they would resign massively if Trump appointed Jeffrey Clark as acting Attorney General. December 2020 was the time of the Oval Office when Trump considered firing the acting attorney general and installing Clark. The attorneys said that Clark's plan to send letters to battleground states was illegal and extreme. Trump knew that he lost the election, but he promoted the big lie in order to try to maintain power. We have to be thankful that Trump isn't President anymore. This is worse than Watergate in my view.
Today, the Supreme Court made a new gun ruling. It ruled 6-3 to strike down the New York state concealed gun regulation law. This gun carry restriction was found in 6 states in America. This will open the world up for gun safety regulations to be challenged in court in the future. Clarence Thomas supported the ruling. Thomas wrote that firearm regulations must only be consistent with the nation's historical traditions. This comes after the 2008 Heller decision that says that gun rights are an individual right. The New York state law (that is now struck down) restricted carrying a concealed handgun outside the home. The Court said that regulations could exist in "sensitive places." The issue is what is the definition of "sensitive places," which is very ambiguous. The Governor of New York and the Mayor of New York City have criticized the Supreme Court decision as putting a higher burden to maintain gun safety in their state of New York. So, the Supreme Court allowed people to carry a gun outside the home (in banning the NY law requiring residents to prove "proper cause" to carry concealed firearms). We have a record increase in gun violence in America.
Now, the Senate is expected to pass bipartisan gun control legislation. This is the most significant gun control bill in decades. This is a really historic event in our lifetimes. Extremists like Kevin McCarthy and Steve Scalise will vote no on the bill when that bill is not extreme at all. Elise Stefanik will vote no too. This comes after the assault weapons ban of 1994 which ended in 2004. One Republican in the House named Tony Gonzales of Texas will vote yes on the bipartisan gun bill. He represents Uvalde, Texas. The bill is called the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act. The bill has millions of dollars invested in mental health, school safety, crisis intervention programs, and incentives for states to include juvenile records in the National Instant Criminal Background Check System. It closes the boyfriend loophole. Mitch McConnell plans to support the bill. It makes changes to the process when someone, ages 18 to 21, goes to buy a firearm.
Some breaking news is that a terrible earthquake has killed more than 1,000 people in Afghanistan. Over 1,500 people have been injured with a magnitude of 5.9. There is a hunger and economic crisis in the country, being ruled by the Taliban again. America might discuss with the Taliban creating a humanitarian response to help save lives in Afghanistan. U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken expressed sympathy and sorrow for the victims of the terrible earthquake. Also, one judge ruled that Dominion can proceed with its defamation suit against Fox Corporations. Many in FOX falsely said that Dominion was involved in a vote-rigging scheme during the 2020 election. Therefore, the lawsuit will continue.
The Missouri Republican candidate for the U.S. Senate named Eric Greitens is in a campaign ad that is not only offensive but provocative. He is threatening to hunt "RINOs" or Republicans in Name Only. The ad has people in paramilitary uniforms. This candidate is a former NAVY Seal running for the U.S. Senate. This video outlines the fascist nature of the modern-day Republican Party. As the January 6th Select Committee continues, we still have this threat of political violence. The ad has violent content from the grinning 48-year-old Greitens. The ad has one of the men using a battering ram to smash open the door. Another masked paramilitary person throws a smoke grenade into the home. Greitens and company enter the home through the smoke and rifles ready to attack. Greitens glorifies violence because he is an evil person. His campaign chair is Don Jr.'s girlfriend, Kimberly Guilfoyle. Greitens participated in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. This is beyond heinous. This is part of a global far-right fascist movement that wants to end our democracy as we know it.
By Timothy
Thursday, June 23, 2022
Wednesday, June 22, 2022
Emotional Testimonies during the January 6th House Committee Hearing.
This day of testimony to the January 6th hearing is the most emotional part of the whole hearing. There is no moderation here. With this evidence, Trump and his allies involved in the conspiracy to overthrow the election of 2020 should be arrested and tried in court ASAP. When you have Trump trying to convince a Georgia Attorney General to commit election fraud and the Georgia Attorney General refused to do so, then Trump is complicit in a federal violation of the law. When you have Trump falsely calling a black woman election worker a criminal and a "hustler," you can tell immediately that Donald Trump is a racist and sexist liar. Also, Trump allies harassed and threatened a black woman election worker and her mother in vulgar ways. This is no time for centrist nonsense. This is a time for accountability and justice.
All of the testimony confirms what we knew about Trump and his supporters. Trump is a neo-fascist. Every Trump supporter is wrong period. All Trump supporters, involved in the conspiracy to overthrow the election of 2020, are criminals and traitors to American democracy period. Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger, deputy Gabe Sterling, Arizona House of Representatives Speaker Rusty Bowers (who gave emotional words on his duty to follow the Constitution despite the false narratives made by Trump, Guiliani, and others), and election worker Wandrea "Shaye" Moss gave hard-hitting testimony about their experiences. Raffensperger found no evidence of election fraud. Brad faced threats and harassment to himself and his family. Sterling said that Qanon supporters threatened people. Wandrea Moss was accused by Trump and others of using a fake ballot scheme in Fulton County, Georgia. That was a lie. Wandrea Moss also said that she and her family received threats. Many people illegally came into Moss's grandmother's home. Wandrea faced racist and hateful threats via Facebook. Her mother is Ruby Freeman. To this day, Wandrea and her mother fear for their lives from far-right extremists. Far-right extremists are terrorists, plain and simple. If anyone watched the testimonies from all of these witnesses, you should know that Trump should be arrested and convicted of treason against the United States of America after a trial. It is the human testimonies describing the seriousness of the time that we live that should inspire us to defeat fascism once and for all. This is the most serious threat to our nation since the American Civil War. These GOP extremists aren't playing any games. The DOJ must do the right thing. Therefore, we should not only vote them out of office, but we should cultivate a society where democratic freedoms are strengthened plus preserved.
I'm not shocked at the TX GOP platform recently adopted by far-right Republicans. The Republican Party mainstream is filled with extremism, bigotry, and heinous views. To deprive any human being of basic human rights is abhorrent. Also, this extreme bigotry from the Texas GOP platform is not representative of the vast majority of the people of Texas who believe in sober-minded views. This development should make anyone aware that we shouldn't be complacent. Our rights are under threat. We can't get patient with injustice. They targeted my people. If they hate my people (i.e. black people), they certainly hate you without question. So, we have to realize that we live in a community, and we have to resist this growth of fascism in the world. The Texas GOP Convention rejects President Joe Biden as the rightful winner of the 2020 election. Many members of the convention denied that the 2021 terrorist attack on the U.S. Capitol was an insurrection. The platform is not finalized yet. Corryn (who is a far-right conservative himself) was booed, but he isn't innocent. Corryn even rejects universal background checks, so he is just as extreme as the people who booed at that hate-mongering convention. These far-right extremists are silly and rather a threat to the fabric of American democratic society.
The proposed Texas GOP platform is even worse than I thought. It has a plan that wants to have a referendum on secession and calls for the abolishment of the Voting Rights Act. They want to violate the separation of church and state, create a state electoral college, limit the power of the federal government, remove the Endangered Species Act, abolish the EPA, refuse to classify carbon dioxide as a pollutant, oppose net neutrality, ban mask mandates, remove the estate tax, defund a city or county if they remove 10 percent or more of the police budget, and restrict executive orders to be enforced on states. This is fascism. This is not democracy, and this is the biggest threat to our democracy since the American Civil War. This is not hyperbole. This is real. We have the facts and truth on our sides indeed.
Days ago was the Birthday of Sister Kierra Sheard, and she is 34 years old. She has won many gospel awards as a great singer. She represents the new school singers of gospel filled with talent and a love of spirituality. She also is an actress, author, entrepreneur, and creative director. She is the daughter of the living legendary gospel singer Karen Clark-Sheard (member of the Clark Sisters). Her debut album is I Owe You in 2004. She was born in Detroit, Michigan, which is one city that's a large mecca of soul and gospel music. She was raised in the suburb of West Bloomfield, Michigan. By the age of 5, she began singing in the choir at Greater Emmanuel Institutional Church of God in Christ, pastored by her father, Bishop J. Drew Sheard. She was on her mother's debut solo album called Finally Karen (1997) when she was 9 years old. Sheard was in the film Preacher's Kid (starring LeToya Luckett, Durrell Babbs, Clifton Powell, Gregory Alan Williams, and Sharif Atkins). I saw the movie before, and it was inspirational plus great. Free was Sheard's fourth album. She played Karen Clark-Sheard (her mother) in the Lifetime 2020 film The Clark Sisters: First Ladies of Gospel. She graduated from Wayne State University in Detroit with a Bachelor's degree in English with a minor in psychology. She is married to Jordan Kelly. She has written literature too. I wish Sister Kierra Sheard continued success.
By Timothy
Tuesday, June 21, 2022
Monday, June 20, 2022
History Information.
President George H. W. Bush acted as a throwback to the center-right Presidents like Dwight D. Eisenhower and Gerald Ford. They were definitely conservative people, but they weren't extremists. President Bush Sr. was a person whose Presidency was old school, mainline conservative. He wasn't as conservative as his predecessor Ronald Reagan. For decades, Bush Sr. was a member of the establishment by being Director of the CIA, worked at the United Nations, and his father Prescott Bush had a political career too. George H. W. Bush was born on June 12, 1924, in Milton, Massachusetts. His parents were Prescott Bush and Dorothy Walker Bush. Weeks after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, Bush met Barbara Pierce at a Christmas dance. George H. W. Bush joined the U.S. Navy when he turned 18 years old in 1942. By 1943, he was the youngest commissioned pilot in the naval air service. Bush Sr. married Barbara Pierce in January of 1945 while he was on leave. George H. W. Bush worked in the oil business early on. By 1948, he graduated from Yale University (he was a Skulls and Bones member) and took up a job in the oil industry. He moved his family to Texas. 1952 was the year when he co-founded Zapata Petroleum. His father, Prescott Bush was elected to the U.S. Senate from Connecticut in the same year. Bush Sr. had his own political aspirations too. So, he became chairman of the Harris County Republican Committee. His father retired from the Senate in 1962. George H. W. Bush lost his run for the U.S. Senate in 1962. Later, he won an election to the U.S. House of Representatives being the first freshman in 63 years to be offered a seat on the powerful Ways and Means Committee. George H. W. Bush back in the 1960s was wrong to oppose the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In 1970, George H. W. Bush ran for the Senate after giving up his House seat. He lost the election to Democrat Lloyd Bentsen. By 1971, Richard Nixon appointed him as U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations. George H. W. Bush and Nixon were friends. By 1974, he was appointed to be chief of the U.S. Liaison Office in China by President Gerald Ford, and he was named Director of the CIA in 1976.
George H. W. Bush worked in the CIA for a short period of time, and George H. W. Bush decided to publicly run for President in 1979. He faced off against Ronald Reagan, who was a skilled politician. He was an actor, so he used many tactics to win the 1980 election. Reagan told someone that he was paying for the microphone Mr. Green who even got George Bush Sr. to cheer Reagan on. Reagan wanted to balance his ticket, so he picked George H. W. Bush to appeal to moderates and center-right people. After Reagan's landslide victory, George H. W. Bush would be Vice President of the United States of America from 1981 to 1989. As early as 1987, George Bush Sr. publicly ran for President. He enlisted many of the Reagan team and neo-cons to help him out. One low point of his campaign was when he promoted the Willie Horton ad that played to racist stereotypes, fear-mongering, and agitation that divided Americans. He won the election against Mike Dukakis as the Democratic Party was having a political civil war between moderates (in the DLC, etc.) and progressives among other reasons. Mike Dukakis rode in a tank and did actions that didn't inspire a mass coalition to vote for him. Jesse Jackson just had more charisma, eloquence, and inspiration than Dukakis, but Jackson lost the Democratic primary. President George H. W. Bush was sworn in on January 20, 1989. The oath was given by Chief Justice William Rehnquist. On February 6, 1989, President Bush promoted his bailout plan for the troubled savings and loans banks. It gave for the sale of $50 billion in government bonds to finance the bailout. It also gave the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) regulatory oversight over the S&Ls. The Bush administration signed the historic semi-automatic rifle ban on March 14, 1989. He was urged to do so by the federal drug czar William Bennett. The Exxon Valdez oil spill took place on March 24, 1989. It was the worst oil spill on American territory other than the Gulf of Mexico oil spill years later. The tanker of Exxon Valdez dumped 240,000 barrels of oil into waters causing massive environmental damage. Bush sent aid to Poland when it had a Communist government on April 17, 1989. The Tiananmen Square Massacre took place on June 4, 1989, when Chinese pro-democratic protests advocated for freedom. The People's Liberation Army, the military arm of the Chinese government, used tanks and armored cars to suppress the protests. From 700 to 2,700 people were killed by governmental forces. President George H. W. Bush condemned China's actions plus he suspended the sale of American weapons to China. The Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989 was passed to bail out Savings and Loans. Troubled banks were dealt with by the governmental body of the Resolution Trust Company. The Berlin Wall falls on November 9, 1989. Then, people could peacefully travel between Eastern and Western Germany. Communism ends all over Eastern Europe. By 1990, Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Lithuania, and Romania end Stalinist Communist rule. The Soviet Union comes to be gone by December 1991. Gorbachev has resigned. Bush and Gorbachev make sure that the Soviet Union and the Cold War ended as peacefully as possible. The minimum wage is increased. George H. W. Bush supports the anti-drug laws that gave more than $3 billion to War on Drugs enforcement policies, federal prison expansion, and anti-drug programs like treatment facilities. President Bush Sr. supports arms reductions in 1990 with Gorbachev. Bush promoted new taxes on June 26, 1990, after his no new taxes pledge.
President George H. W. Bush allowed America to invade Panama to capture Manuel Noriega (he is brought to America to stand trial for drug trafficking). One of the greatest events of the Bush Sr. administration was when President George H. W. Bush signed the Americans with Disabilities Act on July 26, 1990. This has helped over 43 million Americans, and it has forbidden discrimination based upon disability in employment, public accommodations, and transportation. The ADA helped tons of lives. President Bush Sr. supported Germany reunification by October 3, 1990. Many people were afraid that German reunification would harm Europe, but it didn't. Bush Sr. was wrong to veto the Civil Rights Act of 1990. The budget was passed on November 5, 1990, filled with cuts of $500 billion over the five years along with getting $140 billion in new taxes. President Bush sent troops into Saudi Arabia, and he signed the Clean Air Act to fight air pollution by November 15, 1990. He caps military forces in Europe with the CFE Treaty and allowed many immigrants via the Immigration Act of 1990. Bush Sr. was famous for promoting his Thousands of Points of Light plan to promote volunteerism in American society.
In August 1990, Bush signed the Ryan White CARE Act, the largest federally funded program dedicated to assisting persons living with HIV/AIDS. Throughout his presidency, the AIDS epidemic grew dramatically in the U.S. and around the world, and Bush often found himself at odds with AIDS activist groups who criticized him for not placing a high priority on HIV/AIDS research and funding. Frustrated by the administration's lack of urgency on the issue, ACT UP, dumped the ashes of HIV/AIDS victims on the White House lawn during a viewing of the AIDS Quilt in 1992. By that time, HIV had become the leading cause of death in the U.S. for men aged 25–44.
Later, in 1991, America and its allies have a military operation to get Iraqi forces out of Kuwait on January 17, 1991. Iraq invading Kuwait threatened oil prices, and the Persian Gulf War was debated heavily in Congress. Many people supported and opposed that war. Operation Desert Storm was filled with military bombings, military troops fighting, and aerial attacks. After 100 hours after the start of the ground assault, a cease-fire was made. Many neo-cons in the Bush Sr. administration wanted to invade Iraq, but President George H. W. Bush refused to do so citing ethnic divisions and the burden of an occupying force in one nation. President Bush lifted most American sanctions against South Africa as the movement to end apartheid was nearly completed in their goal by July 10, 1991. START I was signed in 1991 to reduce nuclear arms. One of the most controversial actions of George H. W. Bush was his support of Clarence Thomas to replace retiring Justice Thurgood Marshall. The Senate confirmed Thomas with a close 52-48 vote. Clarence Thomas is an open book being a far-right extremist. Thomas' wife, Ginni Thomas, wanted to steal the 2020 election too. He would be so extreme that he would vote to gut the Voting Rights Act in Section 5. George H. W. Bush signed the Civil Rights Act of 1991 making it easier for employees to sue employers on the grounds of discrimination by November 21, 1991.
George H. W. Bush declared a new world order against the Persian Gulf War, and he ran for President in 1992. The Soviet Union officially ended on December 31, 1991. The recession caused unemployment to rise to 7.1 percent in December 1991. This was its highest mark in 5 years. By February 1, 1992, President Bush met with new Russian President Boris Yeltsin to talk about U.S. Russian relations. They publicly declare the end of the Cold War. By this time, George H. W. Bush faced many problems like a recession. President Bush won the New Hampshire primary, but he faced a strong challenge from the Knight of Malta Patrick Buchannan (he is the conservative Roman Catholic who helped to increase the magnitude of the culture wars in our modern time). President Bush Sr. wanted $24 billion in aid to help states in the former Soviet Union. Bush sr. dealt with more agreements to deal with nuclear arms reductions among Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan. This was on May 23, 1992. Bush Sr. attended the Earth Summitt at Rio de Janeiro to address climate change and fight to stop global warming on June 12, 1992. In 1992, Bush Sr. signed a U.S. Russian nuclear agreement to reduce nuclear warheads to 3,000 and 3,500 by the year 2003. After the LA Rebellion in 1992, George H. W. Bush promoted a supplemental appropriations act to help aid inner cities, especially in Los Angeles, California. Bush Sr. signed coverage for the unemployed for 26 weeks of benefits. The unemployment rate was 7.8 percent by 1992. President Bush and Dan Quayle ran for office in the 1992 election. Bush's education platform consisted mainly of offering federal support for a variety of innovations, such as open enrollment, incentive pay for outstanding teachers, and rewards for schools that improve performance with underprivileged children. Though Bush did not pass a major educational reform package during his presidency, his ideas influenced later reform efforts, including Goals 2000 and the No Child Left Behind Act.
Bill Clinton was the scene as a new type of politician. Clinton was viewed as a change agent who talked about taxing the rich, investing in the middle class, and preparing for the future. William Jefferson Clinton also was in support of the moderate DLC movement that wanted to go away from some of the FDR New Deal liberalism into the centrist neoliberalism. George H. W. Bush was shocked at the growing popularity of Bill Clinton, and then Ross Perot was in the race. These factors caused Bush Sr. to lose the 1992 election to Bill Clinton. Bill Clinton won 43 percent of the vote and 370 Electoral College votes, Bush had 38 percent with 168 votes, and Perot had 19 percent with no electoral votes. American troops were in Somalia by December 9, 1992, in the UN sponsored Operation Restore Hope. The goal of this mission was the humanitarian distribution of food and medical aid plus more supplies to Somalis suffering. Somalia experienced starvation, drought, and violence for a long time.
George H. W. Bush continues in public life and attends the inauguration of his son, George W. Bush, as the 43rd President of the United States of America. This is the first time, since John and John Quincy Adams, that a father and son have been elected President. George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton have grown to be great friends. They worked together to promote charity and aid to help the victims of Hurricane Katrina and the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. George Bush Sr. criticized Dick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld, and even his own son (George W. Bush) for the handling of foreign policy after 9/11. Bush Sr. supported John McCain in 2008 and Mitt Romney in 2012 when they ran for President. Both of them were defeated by Democratic leader President Barack Obama. President Barack Obama awarded President George H. W. Bush the 2010 Medal of Freedom during a ceremony in the East Room of the White House in Washington, D.C. on February 15, 2011. George H. W. Bush, George W. Bush, and Jeb Bush never supported Donald Trump because of the obvious reasons (Trump's policies are overtly bigoted and authoritarian. Trump has a tendency to use over-the-top ad hominem attacks against people who disagree with him. Also, Trump disrespected Jeb Bush and his wife. So, Trump is one of the most corrupt Presidents in American history). In August 2017, after the violence at Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, both Presidents Bush released a joint statement saying, "America must always reject racial bigotry, anti-Semitism, and hatred in all forms[. ...] As we pray for Charlottesville, we are all reminded of the fundamental truths recorded by that city's most prominent citizen in the Declaration of Independence: we are all created equal and endowed by our Creator with unalienable rights." He skydived on his 90th birthday in 2014.
George H. W. Bush's wife, Barbara Bush, passed away on April 17, 2018, at the age of 92. Her funeral was held at St. Martin's Episcopal Church in Houston four days later. Bush, along with former Presidents Barack Obama, George W. Bush (son), Bill Clinton, and First Ladies Melania Trump, Michelle Obama, Laura Bush (daughter-in-law), and Hillary Clinton attended the funeral and posed together for a photo as a sign of unity. Former President George H. W. Bush did another skydive for the 8th time that the former president did a parachute jump, including on his 80th and 85th birthdays.
On November 1, 2018, Bush went to the polls to vote early in the midterm elections. This would be his final public appearance. President George H. W. Bush passed away on November 30, 2018, at the age of 94 years old. He had a battle with vascular Parkinson's disease, and he transited at Houston, Texas. He was the 2nd longest-living President in American history. Bush lay in state in the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol from December 3 through December 5; he was the 12th U.S. president to be accorded this honor. Then, on December 5, Bush's casket was transferred from the Capitol rotunda to Washington National Cathedral where a state funeral was held. After the funeral, Bush's body was transported to George H.W. Bush Presidential Library in College Station, Texas, where he was buried next to his wife Barbara and daughter Robin. At the funeral, former President George W. Bush eulogized his father saying, "He looked for the good in each person, and he usually found it." Bush Sr. was a lifelong Episcopalian like many Presidents were. He regularly attended St. Martin's Episcopal Church in Houston. The legacy of President George H. W. Bush was that he was a President in transition. He saw the end of the Cold War and the start of the new school post-Cold War era. During his Presidency, he saw the monumental foreign policy changes in the world with a lot of dedicated care. Some of his great accomplishments would be promoting the reunification of Germany and ending the Cold War in a fashion that didn't cause WWIII. He was a center-right President domestically. Some of his policies were very legitimate in defense of the environment, defense of disability rights, and in defense of many policies. He made errors too. President George H. W. Bush worked across the aisle to make many laws as he was a center-right conservative. Therefore, George H. W. Bush sailed the ship from the end of the 20th century that impacted our world in the 21st century.
My late 4th cousin Maynard H. Fleshman lived from February 9, 1933, from West Virginia to January 8, 2021, at South Williamson, Pike County, Kentucky. We shared the same ancestor of Goerge Perkins I (b. 1815). He married Esther Perkins (b. 1816). George Perkins I and Esther Perkins had a child named George Perkins II (1847-1932). George Perkins II married Fannie Lou Blackstock (1848-1949), and their child was Sophronia Perkins (1870-1926). My 1st cousin Sophronia Perkins married Sam Casey (1863-1938) in 1899. One of their children was my 2nd cousin Mary Fannie Artis (1895-1958). She was married to George Artis Jr. (1891-1935). Their daughter was Lucile Artis (1911-1982). My 3rd cousin Lucille Artis married Hillary Fleshman (1906-1998). Their child was Maynard H. Fleshman. Maynard H. Fleshman was a great family man. His first wife was Rose Cunningham Fleshman (b. 1936). Their children are Anthony Fleshman Sr. (1956-2015. He was married to Velma Greene, and their son is Brian Fleshman), Cecillia La Vonne Fleshman (b. 1959), Cecile Wright, and Millicent Caternia Fleshman (b. 1961). Maynard Fleshman married Elsie M. Mason on October 29, 1985, at Kentucky. This came after Rose Cunningham Fleshman passed away. Maynard Fleshman served in the U.S. Army and was a proud third-generation railroader, having worked for Norfolk and Southern Railroad before his retirement. He was active in the Christ Temple Church. Fleshman was a Sunday School superintendent and Chairman of the Deacon Board. Maynard H. Fleshman's grandchildren are Brian D. Fleshman and Mickey D. Fleshman. His brother Isaac Fleshman lives in Youngstown, Ohio.
Ruby Dee's life in the 1990s was all about hard work. The 1990s was a very special decade. It was a decade at the end of the 20th century but just before the existence of the 21st century. It had culture, controversies, music, and historic developments like the end of the Cold War. Unprecedented technological development from cell phones, the Internet, the cloning of Dolly the sheep, and personal computer helped to grow the economy worldwide. Also, we have seen the growth of positive, non-stereotypical African American TV shows and movies like Living Single, NY Undercover, Moesha, Malcolm X, The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, Malcolm and Eddie, Martin, In Living Color, Smart Guy, etc. I experienced great times during that decade filled with excitement, fun, and intellectual development in outstanding ways. In 1990, I was 7 years old, and in 1999, I was 16 years old. It was a time when people played outside a lot, there was a carefree attitude in many cases, and it was highly an abundantly creative atmosphere. It was a time of self-expression, movements for racial justice growing (against police brutality, against gun violence, and against all forms of injustice in general), and a time where Blackness was expressed with great courage.
With constant research, it is no secret that the Rockefeller political/economic interests along with other Pilgrim Society-allied groups have influenced U.S. politics since the days of the Eisenhower administration at least. The families of Morgan, Whitney, Harriman, and Bruce influenced the Truman administration. For example, Dean Acheson or the Secretary of State under Truman was a CFR member and a Pilgrim Society member. He was part of the Scroll and Key (from Yale), and his son would be a member of the Skulls and Bones. His daughter married William Bundy (a close friend of David Rockefeller). CIA Director Walter Bedell Smith was a member of both the CFR and the Pilgrim Society. He was a co-founder of the Bilderberg group back during the 1950s with Prince Bernhard and David Rockefeller. Smith was the one who supported the evil CIA coup of Guatemala in 1954 after the Guatemalan government wanted to nationalize United Fruit. Smith was linked to the Dulles Brothers. Averell Harriman was a CFR member and a Pilgrim for years. Dwight D. Eisenhower was a CFR member and a Pilgrim executive. We know that John Foster Dulles and Allen Dulles were CFR members and members of the Pilgrim Society. Both of them were involved in the Rockefeller Foundation. President John F. Kennedy was different from the Eisenhower administration. JFK changed foreign policy by being in favor of many nationalist and socialist movements (which was taboo back then). He didn't want a super military involvement in the Vietnam War forever, he signed a nuclear test ban treaty with the Soviet Union in 1963, he called for a long-term goal of peace in his American University speech (back in 1963 too), and he refused to support an invasion of Cuba. This caused hostility from the establishment towards JFK on many issues. Many Ford and Rockefeller Foundations tied people were in the administrations of JFK and LBJ like Robert McNamara (a Pilgrim), Dean Rusk (a CFR member, a Pilgrim, and a member of the Bilderberg Group), etc. Even Lyndon Johnson once tried to convince his friend Nelson Rockefeller to run for President against Richard Nixon in 1968. Even during the Obama years, Rockefeller, Open Society, and Ford Foundations have links to cabinet members. The CNP funded the Trump campaign in many ways. Trump has many establishment ties like being in a 94 guest December 2000 dinner with people like Henry Kisinger, Lynn Foerester de Rothschild, Richard Perle, etc. Trilateral Commission member Dina Habib Powell was part of the Trump cabinet. Rex Tillerson (who is now a critic of Trump) was Secretary of State under Trump. This proves that the leaders of the Democrats and the Republicans are funded (in many cases) by the same establishment interests. They may debate on issues dealing with taxes and cultural wars, but they share similarities on long-term foreign policy matters, the war on terror, civil liberties, and other economic issues. We live in a time when far-right extremists are proposing and passing laws violating the human rights of my people and other people. When one group's rights are threatened, all of our rights are in jeopardy, so we have to be clear on that point. Therefore, we should have our independent thinking, but we should have the progressive core convictions that justice for all, environmental justice, voting rights, health care for all, racial justice, civil liberties, equality for all, and the love of truth be preserved forever and ever.
By Timothy
Sunday, June 19, 2022
Saturday, June 18, 2022
Friday, June 17, 2022
Summer 2022 Part 5
Never Forget about the Victims of the 2022 Buffalo shooting massacre.
Conclusion for Summer 2022
The national tragedies of gun violence in Buffalo, California, and in Texas (at Uvalde) reflect not only the extremist rhetoric of some who worship guns as deities. It also involves a powerful lobby of the NRA and other far-right extremists who believe in a lie that nothing can be done. Nothing can be done are words used by extremists who want inaction instead of real action to confront gun violence. The deaths of elementary school kids and teachers in a Texas elementary are beyond just mental health matters. It's about evil. It is about the evils of complacency, being neutral, the glorification of military weapons of war being used by unstable human beings and being politically correct on the matter of gun violence. Reasonable gun control measures have nothing to do with infringing on the 2nd Amendment. There are limitations on freedoms. You can't slander a person, and you can't murder anyone. Therefore, we need background checks, the targeting of the illegal, underground gun market, and investments made in conflict resolutions. Also, we need more gun control laws to save human lives. The murderer shot his own grandmother. Also, we have to address economic inequality that has grown for decades in America. Justice not only is about words. It's about change in policies that go against the agenda of the obstinate few who want the status quo. Now, President Joe Biden is signing an executive order on policing (to require new use of force rules for federal law enforcement and encourage local police departments to make similar changes). The order will make a new database to record officers who were fired for misconduct, require the use of body cameras by federal officers, and have restrictions on federal transfers of military-grade equipment to local police.
Today, it is important to show some good news. There has been a new deal that allows U.S. women's and men's soccer teams to be paid equally. The deal was announced by the U.S. Soccer Federation. It was revealed on Wednesday, May 18, 2022. For years, we know about the wage gap between men and women soccer players (and men and women workers in general). This new collective bargaining agreement will last through 2028. It is certainly a very historical development. It will give the U.S. women's soccer team $22 million in back pay. The soccer player Becky Sauerbrunn has supported his agreement too. U.S. Soccer President Cindy Parlow Cone said that the agreement has changed sports forever. The House passed a bill condemning the Buffalo massacre and a bill to help give baby formula aid via WIC to low-income families. The Access to Baby Formula Act was passed in a House vote of 414-9. It relaxes restrictions on the kinds of baby formula that low-income families can purchase. Republicans, who opposed the legislation, are the following people: Andy Biggs, Lauren Boebert, Matt Gaetz, Louie Gohmert, Paul Gosar, Marjorie Taylor Greene, Clay Higgins, Thomas Massie, and Chip Roy. These GOP members are cruel plainly speaking.
The following information is my views and my thoughts. It is certainly time to expose Charleston White and Wack 100 once again. They are 2 sides of the same coin of distractions. They claim to support positivity and philanthropy (they claim to fund kids' football games, talk to youth, and do other things related to the community), but they are constantly involved in causing divisions (based on region, culture, and other matters), cursing people out unnecessarily, and disrespecting folks in the most vicious ways possible. You can't claim to be a role model and go about causing unnecessary divisions, mock people's suffering, and be disrespectful (even against kids) for no legitimate reason. That is a contradiction, and both of these cowards represent that contradiction to the fullest. Charleston White recently not only disrespected New York City. He disrespected DMX and his children. He disrespected another man's daughter, and he went out of his way to mock DMX's death again. He is lower than low. I have no respect for him. White is the person who said that he didn't care about the Twin Towers falling when innocent people died in that 9/11 event. For the record, I do care about 9/11, because we show empathy for human life. Charleston White was on video mocking a paralyzed man. He's a piece of work.
This coward Charleston White (who hides behind a gun) attempts to hide his hate by saying that he is from Texas (at Fort Worth). I have kinfolks who live in Texas. I know Texas (from its history to its diverse, beautiful cultures), and Charleston White is not representative of the real honorable people of the state of Texas period. Wack 100 (who is from Pacoima, California) is a vile person who disrespects people's mothers and grandmothers in the most vulgar terms like Wack disrespecting Hocus 45th's mother. Charleston White made a video disrespecting George Floyd and his daughter, so he is lower than low. He is a traitor to black people who tries to provoke anger for profit. Wack 100 was a truck driver, and there is nothing wrong with being a truck driver. The problem with Wack 100 is that speculates on things that sometimes he doesn't know and goes around claiming to be immune from any critique (like many of his puppets in Clubhouse act like). He also is a person who disrespected Tupac and allies with a racist and federal informant Tekahasi (who has been convicted of working with people who abused a minor. Tekahasi is a well-known troll, a disgrace to real hip hop music, and a wicked person). So, these 2 people (Charleston White and Wack 100) are folks that we should totally reject.
Charleston White has crossed the line for years by saying F__ the Bible and mocking the deaths of black people (including the hip hop artist DMX). He once again crossed the line by saying that he doesn't care about the deaths of children in Texas done by a school shooter. He claims that since racists don't care about the lives lost in Buffalo, he doesn't care about kids being murdered in Texas. That is illogical and ignorant by him for many reasons. As a human being, we should empathize to our neighbors regardless of the color of their skin. I believe in black liberation, but I won't use my beliefs (in favor of black freedom) to be cruel to people who are not of my ethnic background. The Golden Rule still stands that we treat every one of any background with dignity and with respect. Therefore, we should care about the victims of Buffalo, Uvalde, and any place in the world. Also, I believe in Black Love and black solidarity, but Charleston White has a tendency to demonize any black person who disagrees with him. Subsequently, this coward Charleston White in an interview said that Africa stinks and F__ Africa. White is a stone-cold traitor to black people, and there is no other way around it. White's ancestors came from Africa, and his words signify his evil completely. Anyone supporting Charleston White is a person that I don't follow at all. Africa is the birthplace of humanity with tons of modern amenities, technology, and modern developments. Africa has great, humble people too. We want black people and all people to live on this Earth without murder, and for this coward White to exploit the deaths of innocent black people in Buffalo to minimize the deaths of others in Texas shows his abhorrent character as a man. Charleston White (who loves to call himself a Texas n__a like a sellout that he is) has no character regardless of his charity work in Fort Worth, TX. He's a disgrace and an evil person. Tommy Sotomayor is one of the most vicious self-haters of all time. Tommy curses people out for no reason, slanders black women viciously, and mocks the deaths of black people (saying that he wants more Goerge Zimmermans to harm black people, and he mocked the death of Kenneka Jenkins in a very vulgar way). Therefore, Tommy Sotomayor is so evil that is truly amazing that more people haven't exposed him.
A self-hating person like Charleston White and Cynthia G are one and the same. Cynthia G (who lived in Seattle, has sisters, and talked on FOX Soul. Cynthia G is now promoting the sexist and racist debunked Moynihan Report. Cree7 accused Cynthia G of plagiarizing her work too). We know how anti-black FOX News Channel is. Cynthia G has already admitted publicly that she is not pro-black, so she is not in favor of the interests of black people. She offers no solutions to black people. She doesn't even promote positive stories about black women doing the work, and Cynthia G wants black boys to be extinct, disrespected Stevie Wonder, and disrespected the physical appearance of Fantasia (who is a mother, an outstanding singer, and a spiritual black woman). Cynthia G has lied on Youtube persons who disagree with her, loves to call people offensive slurs, allies with Nylah Says plus Taz (Nylah and Taz both are profane and have lax character. Nyah Says actually made a slanderous, derogatory comment about Emmitt Till. She is a traitor in my eyes), and Cynthia G downplays colorism. This new extremist Goldensphere movement has people like Hybrid Vigeur (who called Pygmies not human, downplays the racism of Charles Darwin, and has lied on pro-black people for a while) and Angry Biracial (who disrespects black men and black people in general, lied and said that black men never built anything, and disrespects a black woman named Lashid4u including her husband in offensive terms. Angry Biracial is also a person who is a racist and an ableist too. This person's real name is Jesse McBeth and on Facebook, he said that the black community endorses the one drop rule which is silly as I don't agree with the one drop rule period. Also, Angry Biracial supports the late sexist extremist, Kevin Samuels. James Macbeth or Angry Biracial was convicted of falsely claiming to be an Army ranger and veteran of the Iraq War. In September 21, 2007, Macbeth admitted in federal court that he had faked his war record. He called black women who disagrees with him on Youtube as the "Black Golden Girls." He is a hypocrite for marrying a black woman, but he disrespects black people including black women who disagree with him in ad hominem attacks. Also, his Facebook account says that he is against imperialism, but he promotes anti-pro-black statements on his YT videos. He flashes a weapon on YT which scares no one. For the record, the vast majority of biracial people are honorable people. The Goldensphere movement is a new slick movement that has members who harbor hatred of black people who are completely pro-black). Also, it is important to condemn white racism in the strongest terms possible. We know about overt racists like Donald Trump, Carl Paladino, and David Duke. Their hateful views are well known. Culture vultures must be exposed too like DJ Vlad, Michael Rappaport, and Gary Owen (now, his now ex-wife is accusing him of adultery during their marriage). Michael Rappaport not only disrespected Kenya Moore and Janet Jackson. He called Spike Lee out of his name over disagreements on gentrification, and he disrespected black women journalists (like Yesha Callahan) in vulgar terms too. Rappaport loves to show misoygnoir by calling black women sexist names. Rappaport also disagreed with kneeling protests during 9/11 to protest police brutality and racial oppression.
The divesters and manosphere hypocrites hate black people. They claim to want to defend black men or black women, but they want to appease the views of white racists. You can't love black people if you want black men or black women to be extinct. They are some of the biggest haters of the African phenotype which is why they want it to be extinct. That is why it is always important for black people to reject the lies from the haters, promote Black Love, and live life in the form of righteousness. For the record, I don't agree with the FBA and the ADOS movements (which are cultic, hate-filled, and xenophobic movements. Tariq Nasheed bashes many people in IRs if they disagree with him, but his mother in law is a white woman named Connie Cobb). As a black American, I believe in black Pan-African unity worldwide. Real health information, real environmental facts, and growing institutions benefiting us make perfect sense. Only an insane soul hates every black person of the opposite sex. I will forever love black women who gave me my life literally. Anyone who hates black women collectively or hates black men collectively is a traitor period. Therefore, these traitors (who are Charleston White, Cynthia G, Tommy Sotomayor, Oshay Jackson, Jaye De Black, Candace Owens, Hershel Walker, Fresh and Fit, Hybrid Vigeur, etc.) deserve to be left alone peacefully. Again, this character Wack 100 admitted to punching his own mother (who was grabbing someone) in the ribs at a DMV making him lower than low. Candace Owens rejects Juneteenth, but she doesn't condemn Hispanic History month, Holocaust Remembrance Day, or celebrations done about other ethnic groups. The reason is that Owens has internal self-hatred. Celebrating Juneteenth has nothing to do with repacking segregation (that Owens lies about). Juneteenth is about celebrating the power, the strength, and the resiliency of black people against injustice. The views of traitors should be condemned and rejected. We need to build as black people. Black Love is a Revolutionary Act, and we should stand up for freedom and independence for black people globally without apology. Our black joy is permanent. We are the first and we shall exist in the future. Selah and Amen.
Black Love is Always Beautiful.
“Being in love with someone will make you come out of your comfort zone.”
-Zora Neale Hurston
In our generation, many people have misinterpreted or outright lied about what is the definition of pro-black. Pro-black is easily the movement or ideology that simply believes that black liberation is the goal in favor of many precepts. These precepts are that black families must be developed being healthy, Black Love is Beautiful, the black community should be built up, rejecting self-hatred is important, rejecting poor shaming of our people (in favor of economic justice) is sacrosanct, and defending the interests of black people should be cultivated to grow generational wealth including true freedom among black people worldwide. The common lie (promoted by some) is that scandal-filled, controversial people and shills like Young Pharoah (who tons of women accused him of beating them), Tariq Nasheed (known for xenophobia and sexism. Tariq said that single black women aren't meant to have reparations which is wrong), and others are representative of pro-black people. That isn't the case as being pro-black is not about hating a person who is of a different background (I don't believe in hating a person who is of a different background or color. That's wrong). It is about honoring our black African heritage, loving black people, and doing positive, constructive actions to improve the black community individually and collectively. That is the forthright truth. The names of real pro-black heroes (from the past and the present) are: Dr. Runoko Rashidi, John Henrik Clarke, Betty Shabazz, Gloria Richardson, Amanda Gorman, Nicholas Johnson, Cori Bush, and tons of other great people. At the end of the day, we should love and promote the understanding of learning languages, studying STEM, reading literature, exercising, eating healthy foods, helping the poor and the oppressed, treating people in the right fashion, advancing integrity, advancing a just code of conduct, growing Pan-African unity, and fighting for our dreams. Our dreams are purely valid as black human beings.
The war in Ukraine continues. Ukraine continues to have its counterattacks near the Russian border in Kharkiv. Moscow is scared, but they want to continue in the battles. Missiles hit two areas of Sloviansk in eastern Ukraine, according to the city's mayor. The city is the main goal of Russian forces trying to push south into the Donetsk region. The U.S. House of Representatives approved an additional $40 billion in supplemental funding for Ukraine, as the U.S. intelligence community said that it believes that Putin's war is likely to be "more unpredictable and escalatory." The first Russian soldier will stand trial in the death of a Ukrainian man, according to a prosecutor. The innocent man killed was a 62-year-old man. The indictment is against Vadim Shishimrin, the commander of the military unit 32010 of the 4th Tank Kantemirov Division of Moscow region. Shishimarin is in custody now. Russia now wants to control southern and eastern Ukraine completely in their war strategy. The nation of Finland wants to join NATO now. Putin has threatened Finland if Finland actually becomes a member of the NATO alliance. We want peace without war in Ukraine which was started by the tyrant Putin.
By Timothy
Happy Juneteenth Everyone. Peace and Blessings Y'all.
Summer 2022 Part 4
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HBCUs
Glory has always been included in HBCUs. They represent so many things to tons of human beings. For almost two centuries in America, these institutions of higher learning have grown our souls in enumerable ways. They represent cultural excellence in full display concretely. Historically Black Colleges and Universities are always a massive part of black culture. In America, black Americans and black people from across the world have been educated in them to be the best at what they are born to be. Many of the greatest black heroes in human history were educated in HBCUs too. Chadwick Boseman was educated in an HBCU along with Keshia Knight Pulliam. Toni Braxton went to Bowie State University, Yolanda Adams went to Texas Southern University, Michael Strahan was part of Texas Southern University, and Debbie Allen graduated from Howard University. Tons of my relatives have gone to HBCUs and graduated from them. I'm from Virginia, so HBCUs are always part of our culture and existence. The camaraderie among black students, the systems of education, and the art of learning is all on full display in those universities. Those locations represent a large part of the black freedom struggle as scholars, doctors, STEM experts, athletes, teachers, judges, social activists, and other contributors to society have been graduates of HBCUs. HBCUs help to give confidence to human beings, they help to inspire hope for the future, and they make us aware of the value of Blackness. We know that there is not a solitary way to be Black. Blackness represents total diversity in all of its manifestations. Blackness is priceless, it is Beautiful, and our black identities are always sacrosanct.
The Value of Education
The common misconception is that education doesn't matter, or it only involves a 4-year college. The truth is that education is very diverse, and education is always important in the Universe. It can include a graduate college, a community college, trade schools, a 4 year college, an IT school, and other institutions allowing human beings to experience their own form of liberty and happiness. Education will always be important forever, because education gives human beings tools to be doctors, lawyers, scholars, teachers, athletes, musicians, and other legitimate participants in society. Education is about learning concepts, applying concepts in everyday life, and analyzing themes in order to creatively developing your own style. As Albert Einstein and others have said, you learn so you can teach people what you know in easy to understand terms. Doing that makes a great difference in helping humanity grow intellectually and socially. Education is beyond random memorization of definitions or words. It is about analyzing what you know, so you can build on established definitions to realize the bigger picture. The big picture is that we have this right to justice, and the establishment have a long history of trying to suppress human rights. Therefore, we should do our parts to not only expand human rights. We must make sure that real education is found among the masses of the people collectively.
Part of this education is about promoting the beauty of Blackness, loving diversity, and realizing that our intrinsic value is priceless. There is nothing wrong with being born with what we are. There is something wrong with the imperfections and the evils in society that ought to be rectified. Education has been part of the human cultural tradition for thousands of years. True education always deals with the basics of math, language, technology, science, art, athletics, and growing positive economic including social connections among the human race. According to the U.S. Department of Education, HBCUs provided undergraduate training for 75% of Black Americans holding a doctorate degree, 75% of all Black Officers in the armed forces, and 80% of all Black federal judges. Some of our greatest leaders in human history have either been educated in universities, educated by family and friends, or educated by being self-taught. Historically Black Colleges and Universities have certainly been on the forefront in allowing tons of black people to reach their goals to change the world for the better. The value of education truly is always unimpeachable.
Early HBCU History
To start, in the beginning, the roots of Historically Black Colleges came from the Motherland of Africa. The origin of the human race is in Africa, so the motivation of educational excellence originated from Africa indeed. Later, our ancestors lived in America via the Maafa. We suffered unspeakable atrocities, but that never stopped our spirits. Before the American Civil War, many HBCUs were in existence across America. Back then, black slaves were forbidden to read and write. The reason is that racists didn't want black people to rise up to end the tyranny of slavery. Yet, many black people in bondage did read and write. Many early HBCUs were established like Cheyney University of Pennsylvania in 1837, the University of the District of Columbia (then known as the Miner School for Colored Girls in 1851), and the Lincoln University in 1854. The Cheyney University of Pennsylvania was formed by the Quaker Richard Humphreys as the oldest HBCU of higher education in America. One famous alumna was the educator and civil rights activist Josephine Silone Yates. Josephine Silone Yates was one of the greatest scholars in history. She lived from 1852 or 1859 to 1912. Yates worked as a professor, writer, public speaker, and activist in the United States of America. She may have been the first black woman to hold a full professorship at any U.S. college or university. Professor yates was one of the first black professors hired at Lincoln University in Jefferson City, Missouri. She loved her 2 children she married William Ward Yates. Their children are Josephine Silone Yates Jr. and William Blyden Yates). She was so great that she was the 2nd President of the National Association of Colored Women (1900-1904). Professor Josephine Yates had excellent mathematical and writing abilities.
We know about the famous Wilberforce University. It was formed in 1856 via a collaboration between the African Methodist Episcopal Church of Ohio and the mostly white Methodist Episcopal Church. Wilberforce University was owned and operated by African Americans. In 1862, the Lemoyne-Owen College was formed in Memphis by the United Church of Christ. In 1864, Wayland Seminary was formed, and it merged with Richmond Institute to become Virginia Union University. In fact, most HBCUs were started by free black Americans and philanthropists (funded by religious groups like the American Missionary Association and the African Methodist Episcopal Church). Exactly 5 months after the end of the Civil War, Atlanta University, now Clark Atlanta University, was founded on September 19, 1865, as the first Historically Black College in the Southern United States of America. Atlanta University was the first graduate institution to award degrees to African Americans in the nation and the first to award bachelor's degrees to African Americans in the South. Clark College in 1869 was the nation's first four-year liberal arts college to serve African American students. The two universities consolidated in 1988 to form Clark Atlanta University. Shaw University was founded on December 1, 1865, and it was the 2nd HBCU to be established in the South. The year 1865 also saw the foundation of Stoner College (1865-1955) in Harper's Ferry, West Virginia. Storer's former campus and building have been incorporated into Harpers Ferry National Historical Park. During the early era of the HBCUs, they educated the children of formerly enslaved people and taught other Black Americans.
In 1862, the federal government's Morrill Act provided for land grant colleges in each state. Some educational institutions established under the Morrill Act in the North and West were open to black human beings. Yet, 17 states, almost all in the South, required their post-Civil War systems to be segregated and excluded black students from their land grant colleges. In response, Congress passed the second Morrill Act of 1890. This was known as the Agricultural College Act of 1890, requiring states to establish a separate land grant college for black people if black people were excluded from the existing land grant college. Many of the HBCUs were founded by states to satisfy the Second Morrill Act. These land grants schools continue to receive annual federal funding for their research, extension, and outreach activities. In 1866, Edward Waters College was made in Jacksonville, Florida by the AME Church. Fisk University was founded in the same year in Nashville, Tennessee. The Fisk Jubilee Singers toured to raise money for the institution. In 1866, Lincoln Institute was formed in Jefferson City, Missouri, and Rust College in Holly Springs, Mississippi was opened (One of its most famous alumna was Ida B. Wells). Hampton University was founded in 1868 in Virginia, and it was once called Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. Booker T. Washington graduated from Hampton University, and he formed the Tuskegee Institute later on.
By the early 20th century, we saw many black colleges and universities promoting athletics among black people. Sports were rapidly growing in state universities, but very few black stars were recruited there. There were newspapers that praised athletic successes. Black schools hired coaches, recruited and featured stellar athletes. Leagues were formed too. In 1935, Norfolk State University was created. It was originally called the Norfolk Unit of Virginia State University. Later, Norfolk State University would grow as the prominent independent HBCU of the Hampton Roads region along with Hampton University. By the 1930's, many Jewish intellectuals fled Europe after the rise of Hitler and anti-Jewish legislation in prewar Nazi Germany. Many of them found work teaching in historically black colleges. By 1933, it was a hard year for many Jewish academics who wanted to escape oppressive Nazi policies. The Nazis in Germany banned them of their positions in universities. Jewish people couldn't find work in other European countries because of the Spanish Civil War and antisemitism in general in Europe. In America, they continued their academic careers. They found little success in mostly white universities because of the antisemitism. So, we black people are a loving people. Therefore, more than 2/3s of the faculty hired them at many HBCUs from 1933 to 1945. HBCUs wanted Jewish professors to have the opportunity to show their skills in education. HBCUs always believe in diversity and giving folks opportunities no matter the race, religion, or country of origin. Giving people like women and black people open spaces to study is always important. HBCUs made substantial contributions to the U.S. war effort during WWII. For example, the Tuskegee University in Alabama was where the Tuskegee Airmen trained and attended classes.
Its Role in Cultural and Social Change
After World War II, massive changes came into HBCUs with the modern day Civil Rights Movement growing worldwide. In 1947, the Demark Technical College opened as the Denmark Area Trade School. The Trenholm State Technical College was formed in the same year at Montgomery, Alabama, as John M. Patterson Technical School. In 1948, the Church of Christ started operating the Southern Bible Institute. Today, the school is known as Southwestern Christian College. Lawson State Community College opened in Bessemer, Alabama by 1949. The Mississippi Vocational College was openened in Itta Ben in 1950. By 1958, the Interdenominational Theological Centered opened in Atlanta. Southern University at New Orleans was founded as a unit of Southern University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana by 1959. In 1961, J. F. Drake State Technical College opened in Huntsville, Alabama as the Huntsville State Vocational Technical School. In 1962, The College of the Virgin Islands opened with campuses on St. Crois and St. Thomas. The school is currently known as the University of Virgin Islands. In 1965, the federal government via the U.S. Department of Education were designed officially. In 1967, the Southern University at Shreveport was founded. In 1975, the Morehouse School of Medicine opened in Atlanta. The medical school was originally part of Morehouse College.
During the old school Civil Rights Movement era (1954-1968), nearly all Black college students were enrolled at HBCUs. The late Congressman John Lewis was a graduate of Fisk University. Lewis was born in Troy, Albama. Later, he met Rosa Parks when he was 17 and Dr King when he was 18 years old. The opening of the March on Washington in 1963 of the National Anthem was done by Virginia State University graduate Camilla Williams. The closing benediction was delivered by former Morehouse College President and Virginia Union University attendee Benjamin Mays. The heroic Gloria Richardson graduated from Howard University. Floyd McKissick went into Morehouse College, Whitney Young Jr. came into Kentucky State University, and the Mother of the Civil Rights Movement Septima Clark was a graduate of Benedict College and Hampton University. Bayard Rustin was part of Wilberforce and Cheyney Universities. Tons of people know that Jesse Jackson graduated from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical University. The Civil Rights Movement is made up of collective community of women, men, and children working together to fight for justice. From many HBCU leaders meeting with Kwame Nkrumah to fighting for Black Power, HBCUs have always been involved in the black freedom struggle. Spelman had many leaders involved in civil rights too. Spelman students worked in the Crossroads Africa Program in 1960.
In that same year, Atlanta University Center students drafted, "An Appeal for Human Rights" that was published in the Atlanta Constitution and other national newspapers on March 9. Going into the 1960s, the Spelman College students became involved in civil rights actions in Atlanta. In 1962, the first Spelman students were arrested for participating in sit-ins in the Atlanta community. Noted American historian Howard Zinn was a professor of history at Spelman during this era and served as an adviser to the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee chapter at the college. Zinn mentored many of Spelman's students fighting for civil rights at the time, including Alice Walker and Marian Wright Edelman Zinn was dismissed from the college in 1963 for supporting Spelman students in their efforts to fight segregation; at the time, Spelman was focused on turning out "refined young ladies." Edelman herself writes that Spelman had a reputation as "a tea-pouring, very strict school designed to turn black girls into refined ladies and teachers." That would change. Now, Spelman continues to represent some of the greatest black students in the world. Stewart retired in 1986, and the following year, Johnnetta Betsch Cole became the first Black female president of Spelman College. During this time, the college became noted for its commitment to community service and its ties to the local community. Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson was educated at Spelman, and she was one of the greatest leaders of SNCC. She passed away in 1967 because of cancer.
She was well respected by her SNCC colleagues and others within the movement for her work ethic and dedication to those around her. SNCC Freedom Singer Matthew Jones recalled, "You could feel her power in SNCC on a daily basis." Jack Minnis, director of SNCC's opposition research unit, insisted that people could not fool her. Over the course of her life, she served 100 days in prison for the movement. Kwame Ture said that Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson was a tower of strength. By 1969, Black Studies program came into Spelman University. The Black Studies movement spread across tons of HBCUs too including Howard University. Kwame True graduated from Howard University too. Unsung Civil Rights leaders from Louisiana graduated from HBCUs like Dorothy Mae DeLavallander Taylor (from Baton Rouge's Southern University and A&M College), Alexander Pierre Tureaud Sr. (Howard University Law School), Rudy Lombard (Xavier University), Jerome Smith (Southern University in New Orleans), Oretha Castle Haley including Doris Jean Castle (Southern University in New Orleans), Cecil Winston Carter Jr. (Dillard University), and David J. Dennis (Dillard University).
Issues and Triumphs
Since 1965, massive changes have existed in HBCUs. There was the reauthorization of the Higher Education Act of 1965. It made a program to direct federal grants to HBCU and to support their academic, financial, and administrative capabilities. Part B was made for formula-based grants, calculated based on each institutions' Pell Grant eligible enrollment, graduation rate, and percentage of graduates who continue post-baccalaureate education in fields where African Americans are underrepresented. Some colleges with a predominantly black student body are not classified as HBCUs because they were founded (or opened their doors to African Americans) after the implementation of the Sweatt v. Painter (1950) and Brown v. Board of Education (1954) rulings by the U.S. Supreme Court (the court decisions which outlawed racial segregation of public education facilities) and the Higher Education Act of 1965. In 1980, Jimmy Carter signed an executive order to distribute adequate resources and funds to strengthen the nation's public and private HBCUs. His executive order created the White House Initiative on historically black colleges and universities (WHIHBCU), which is a federally funded program that operates within the U.S. Department of Education. In 1989, George H. W. Bush continued Carter's pioneering spirit by signing Executive Order 12677, which created the presidential advisory board on HBCUs, to counsel the government and the secretary on the future development of these organizations.
Starting in 2001, directors of libraries of several HBCUs began discussions about ways to pool their resources and work collaboratively. In 2003, this partnership was formalized as the HBCU Library Alliance, "a consortium that supports the collaboration of information professionals dedicated to providing an array of resources designed to strengthen historically black colleges and Universities and their constituents." In 2015, the Bipartisan Congressional Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) Caucus was established by U.S. Representatives Alma S. Adams and Bradley Byrne. The caucus advocates for HBCUs on Capitol Hill. As of September 2019, there are 94 elected politicians who are members of the caucus. In January and February 2022, several HBCUs received bomb threats which disrupted academic operations. At least 18 were threatened on January 31 or February 1. At least 8 were threatened on January 4 or 5, 2022. Some reported callers to 911 identified themselves as a "neo-Nazi." In response, the FBI launched a hate crime investigation. Now, Alabama has the most active HBCUs with 12 universities. Because of desegregation, rising incomes, and increased access to financial aid, the share of black students attending HBCUs have dropped from 17 percent in 1980 to 9 percent in 2015. A large percentage of black people with bachelor and master's degrees are awarded at HBCUs. The number of total students enrolled at an HBCU rose by 32 percent from 1976 to 2015 being from 223,000 to 293,000. HBCUs have been more diverse over time as America is changing to be more diverse. HBCUs have black people, white people, Native Americans, Asians, Pacific Islanders, Hispanic people, and other human beings. Non-black people make up 22 percent of total enrollment at HBCUs. HBCUs help to improve the economy in many ways.
Vice President Kamala Harris (who graduated from the great HBCU of Howard University herself) gave a very important speech to HBCU graduates at Tennessee State University in May 2022. Her following words shows the essence of what real HBCU education is all about:
"...Your time at Tennessee State has unlocked unimaginable opportunities for your future, because you see, HBCUs like this — well, they are cathedrals of education. And the value of this education is that it teaches you something very special: That, yes, you can be anything and do anything. And this brings me to the third reason why I know that you will play an essential role in shaping our nation’s future. Each of you has your own story, your own way of looking at the world, shaped by every moment that brought you to this point.
I was around your age when I decided that I wanted to take on systemic problems from the inside of the system, that I would look for solutions through the lens of my own experience and perspectives, and that I wanted and needed to be in the rooms where the decisions were being made. Graduates, you stand on the brink of a new frontier where we are building the platforms for the next phase of technology, where we are conducting the research that will lead to the next great medical breakthrough — maybe even the cures for cancer or lupus or lifesaving reforms to maternal healthcare — where we are defining the fundamental principles that will underpin the 21st century. And we need you in the room helping to make these decisions..."
Howard University's Historic Protest
One of the most important events in HBCU history was the October 2021 protest at Howard University. Many students in the university protested the mold, mice, and substandard conditions in campus residential buildings in the Blackburn Takeover. People demanded an improvement in their living situations and representation on the board of trustees. The Blackburn Takeover student protest at Howard University, in Washington, D.C., started on October 12, 2021. Leaders of the protest included people who are Aniyah Vines, Deja Redding, Jasmine Joof, Lettirose Cargill, Cherelle Muhammad, Tyler Davis, and Elishabeth Cunningham. Social media platforms promoted this event like Instagram and Twitter. The Live Movement, which is a HBCU coalition, helped in this protest by amplifying the protest. Students didn't want mice and flooding in their living spaces. About 150 students erected a tent city outside of the Blackburn University Center to demand strong improvements in the living conditions and representation on the university's board of trustees. The students desired the following 4 demands: a town hall with President Frederick and the entire student body, student trustee positions to be permanently reinstated on to the Board of Trustees of Howard University, a comprehensive housing plan to remedy all issues plaguing on campus and off campus housing, and academic, legal, and disciplinary immunity for all of the protesters involved.
The university fought back, but the students won. The university claimed that as a result of the protest, Sodexho food service employees of the Blackburn café were laid off. Many people supported the student protest like Senator Elizabeth Warren, Reverend Jesse Jackson, rapper Gucci Mane, Debbie Allen, Martin Luther King III, Rev. William Barbert III, and local lawmakers (like At Large Councilmember Anita Bonds, Ward 4 Councilmember Janeese Lewis George). Jasmine Joof, spokeswoman for the #BlackburnTakeover, said Monday that the agreement has effectively ended their protest. "We have achieved increased scrutiny, transparency and accountability," Joof told CNN. Rev. Jesse Jackson was on the campus of Howard to help mediate the situation between students and the Howard administration. The necessity for modern-up to date housing in any campus is always important to advance. After about one month, the Howard students reached an agreement with university officials. Wayne Frederick, the president of the historically Black college in Washington, DC, said Monday afternoon that the agreement between the school and the students who occupied Blackburn University Center over poor housing concerns is a "welcome step forward." It is important to oppose evil in any campus. Many universities have victims of rape, abuse, bullying, and other mistreatment. Therefore, we have to be clear to stand for righteousness and human dignity for all. The students of Howard University in 2021 and in 2022 represent a new era of social protest and advocacy for justice.
HBCU's Continued Link to Blackness
Historically Black Colleges and Universities are always tied into Blackness forever. In black culture, hard work and education are always preeminent precepts embraced by us. Our parents and our grandparents always taught us to get up, work in various jobs, and be as outstanding as possible in our daily endeavors. For over 100 years, they have given the world many legends of business, law, science, education, military service, entertainment, art, and sports. Our people have shown excellence since the dawn of human history, as black people are the first human beings in human history. I have been to an HBCU before as many of my relatives graduated from HBCUs in real life. These colleges and universities give people a true sense of community and belonging among their own daily lives. The wisdom of Chadwick Boseman, the talent of Anika Noni Rose, the intellect of Katherine Johnson, the eloquence of Nikki Giovanni, and the genius of Spike Lee all encompass HBCU culture. In HBCUs, you see diverse backgrounds, personalities, and nationalities come together to advance the cause of education, justice, and happiness. In life, people do desire joy and peace. One way to advance those legitimate ideals is to have camaraderie with family and friends.
Augusta Savage
Living on this Earth is a gift and experiencing the 21st century is truly a blessing. As we approach the quarter century mark of this current century, it is always important to celebrate and recognize unsung legends in the world. Augusta Savage was more than an unsung legend of the culture of art. She was an educator, an activist, and a human being who changed the world in a myriad of positive ways. There is a very long tradition in African American culture and black culture globally involving the arts. We know about Coltraine, Sarah Vaughan, and other geniuses. Augusta Savage's contributions in artistic expression are vastly powerful. Back when I was in high school (1997-2001), I did sculpture. I sculpted many images. Before my time, Augusta Savage has sculpted some of the most beautiful images in human history. She lived from the start of Jim Crow to the beginning of the end of it. She saw the two World Wars, the Harlem Renaissance, and the growth of the Civil Rights Movement. Her work dealt with forming images of children, men, and women. For decades, Savage was an outspoken proponent of equal rights for all people in the world. Drawing images, developing images of people, and teaching some of the greatest artists of all time like Jacob Lawarence are all part of her splendid legacy as a black human being. Also, we have to cultivate a better future too. The past is important to know, so we can be inspired to create our own paths. Some people may deal with STEM, athletics, legal affairs, education, medicine, and in other arenas. Yet, we have to honor the right of people to decide on how to conduct their lives in a legitimate fashion. Each of us have talents and gifts from God, and we certainly ought to promote justice, fair treatment, equality, respect, and dignity for all human beings regardless of background. Augusta Savage was the icon of the ages.
Her Early Life and Education
Augusta Savage was born in Green Cove Springs (near Jacksonville), Florida on February 29, 1892. His parents are Edward Fells (a Methodist minister) and Cornelia Murphy. As a child, she made figures mostly small animals out of natural red clay of her hometown, which is Green Cove Springs, Florida. Her father was a poor Methodist minister. He didn't approve of her daughter's interest in art. Savage said that she experienced corporal hitting from her father: "My father licked me four or five times a week...and almost whipped all of the art out of me." Yet, Augusta Savage continued to do excellent art in the future. His father believed that her sculpture to be a sinful practice, due to his interpretation of the "graven images" portion of the Bible. He is incorrect, as the Old Testament condemn using graven images for idol worship, not using sculpture for artistic expression in a non-worship presentation. She persevered and the principal of her new high school in West Palm Beach, where her family relocated in 1915, encouraged her talent and allowed her to teach a clay modeling class. This started her lifelong commitment to teaching as well as to creating art.
By 1907, when she was 15 years old, Augusta Fells (her maiden name was Fells) married Joh T. Moore. The couple had a daughter named Irene Connie Moore, who was born the following year. John died shortly thereafter. In 1915, after moving to West Palm Beach, she met and married James Savage. She retained the last name of Savage throughout her life, even after the 2 divorced in the early 1920's. By 1923, she married Robert Lincoln Poston, a protege of Garvey. Poston died of pneumonia abroad a ship while returning from Liberia as part of a Univeral Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League delegation in 1924. Augusta Savage continued to model clay, and in 1919 was granted a booth at the Palm Beach County Fair where she was awarded a $25 prize and ribbon for most original exhibit. After her early success, she sought commissions for work in Jacksonville, Florida, before departing for New York City in 1921. Savage arrived with a letter of recommendation form the Palm Beach County Fair official George Graham Currie for the sculptor Solon Borglum and $4.60. When Borglum discovered that she could not afford tuition at the School of American Sculpture, he encouraged her to apply to Cooper Union. That was a scholarship based school in New York City where she was admitted in October 1921. She was selected before 142 other men on the waiting list. Her talent and ability impressed the Cooper Union Advisory Council. Augusta Savage was awarded additional funds for room and board after losing the financial support of her job as an apartment caretaker. She studied under sculptor George Brewster from 1921 to 1923. Savage completed the four year degree course in three years.
Augusta Savage finished her studies at Cooper Union. Then, she worked in Manhattan steam laundries to support herself and her family. Her father was paralyzed by a stroke, and the family's home was destroyed by a hurricane. Her family from Florida moved into her small West 17the Street apartment. During this time, she had her first commission from the New York Public Library on West 135th, a bust of W.E.B. Du Bois. Augusta Savage made outstanding sculptures of one bust of Marcus Garvey, another bust of William Pickens Sr. (a key figure in the NAACP), etc. She earned praise for depicting African Americans in a more humane, neutral way without stereotypical images. By the spring of 1923, Savage applied for Summer art program at the Fontainebleau School of Fine Arts in France. She was accepted. The American selection committee was racist and rescinded the acceptance offer, because she was black. Savage was upset and questioned the committee. She started the first of many public fights for equal rights in her life by writing a letter to the New York World. She made many appeals to the French government to reinstate the award. They had no effect, and Savage wasn't able to study at the Fontainebleau School of Fine Arts. The incident got press coverage on both sides of the Atlantic, and eventually, the sole supportive committee member cultpro Hermon Atkins MacNeil (who was at one time had shared a studio with Henry Ossawa Tanner) invited her to study with him. She later called him as one of her teachers. In 1925, she won a scholarship with the help of W.E.B. DuBois to the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Rome. This scholarship only covered tuition, and after being unable to raise money for travel and living expenses, she was unable to attend. The sick writer during the 1920's Joe Gould harassed her during this time too. Augusta Savage won the Otto Khan Prize in a 1928 exhibition at The Harmon Foundation with her submission of Head of a Negro. Yet, she was an outspoken critic of the fetishization of the stereotypical "negro" aesthetics favored by many white patrons at that time. She publicly critiqued the director of The Harmon Foundation, Mary Beattie Brady, for her low standards for Black art and lack of understanding in the area of visual arts in general.
Pooled resources helped her a lot in 1929. They came from the Urban League, Rosenwald, Foundation, a Carnegie Foundation grant, and donations from friends plus former teachers to help her to travel to France at 37 years old. The Julius Rosenwald Fund helped Savage to enroll and attend the Academie de la Grand Chaumiee, a leading Paris art school. She lived in an apartment in Montparnassee and work in the studio of M. (Felix) Bennetau (Desgrois), a professor at the Academie de la Grande Chaumiere. She was in the studio was initially encouraging her work. Savage later wrote that "...the masters are not in sympathy as they all have their own definite ideas and usually wish their pupils to follow their particular method..." and began primarily working on her own in 1930. In Paris, she also studied with the sculptor Charles Despiau. She exhibited, and twice won awards, at the Paris Salon and at one Exposition. She toured France, Belgium, and Germany, researching sculpture in cathedrals and museums.
Her Career and Teaching
By 1931, she returned to the United States of America. She was energized from her studies and achievements. The Great Depression almost stopped art sales. She continued onward, and in 1934, she was the first African American artist to be elected to the National Association of Women Painters and Sculptors. She launched the savage Studio of Arts and Crafts, located in a basement on West 143rd Street in Harlem with the help of a grant from the Carnegie Foundation. She opened her studio to anyone who wanted to pain, draw, or sculpt. She inspired many young students to do art like the famous Jacob Lawrence, Norman Lewis, Gwendolyn Knight. Another student was the famous sociologist Kenneth B. Clark, whose later research contributed to the 1954 Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education that ruled school segregation unconstitutional. In 1937, Augusta Savage was the director of the Harlem Community Art Center 1,500 people of all ages and abilities participated in her workshops, learning from her multi-cultural staff and showing work around New York City. Funds from the Works Progress Administration helped out, but old struggles of discrimination existed between Savage and the WPA. WPA officials objected to her having a leadership role which is a shame. August Savage was one of four women and only two African Americans to receive a professional commission from the Board of Design to be included in the 1939 New York World's Fair. Savage was commissioned to create a sculpture showcasing the impact that Black people have had on music. She created Lift Every Voice and Sing (also known as "The Harp"), inspired by the song by James Weldon and Rosamond Johnson. The 16-foot-tall plaster sculpture stood in front of the Contemporary Arts Building and was one of the most popular and most photographed work at the fair; small metal souvenir copies were sold, and many postcards of the piece were purchased. The work reinterpreted the musical instrument by featuring 12 singing African American youth in graduated heights as its strings, with the harp's sounding board transformed into an arm and a hand. In the front, a kneeling young man offered music in his hands. Savage did not have funds to have the piece cast in bronze or to move and store it, and so like other temporary installations, the sculpture was destroyed at the close of the fair.
"I have always wanted my art to service my people - to reflect us, to relate to us, to stimulate us, to make us aware of our potential. We have to create an art for liberation and for life."
-Elizabeth Catlett
Savage opened two galleries whose shows were well attended and well-reviewed, but few sales resulted, and the galleries closed. The last major showing of her work occurred in 1939. Deeply depressed by her financial struggle, in Savage moved to a farmhouse in Saugerties, New York in 1945. While in Saugerties, she established close ties with her neighbors and welcomed family and friends from New York City to her rural home. Savage cultivated a garden and sold pigeons, chickens, and eggs. The K-B Products Corporation, the world's largest growers of mushrooms at that time, employed Savage as a laboratory assistant in the company's cancer research facility. She acquired a car and learned to drive to enable her commute. Herman K. Knaust, director of the laboratory, encouraged Savage to pursue her artistic career and provided her with art supplies. Though her art production slowed down Savage taught art to children in summer camps, and sculpted friends and tourists, and explored writing children's stories. Her last commissioned work was for Knaust and was that of the American journalist and author Poultney Bigelow, whose father, John, was U.S. Minister to France during the Civil War. Her few neighbors said that she was always making something with her hands.
Later Years and Her Passing
Much of her work is in clay or plaster, as she could not often afford bronze. One of her most famous busts is titled Gamin which is on permanent display at the Smithsonian American Art Museum in Washington, D.C.; a life-sized version is in the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. At the time of its creation, Gamin, which is modeled after a Harlem youth, was voted most popular in an exhibition of over 200 works by black artists. Her style can be described as realistic, expressive, and sensitive. Though her art and influence within the art community are documented, the location of much of her work is unknown. Savage moved in with her daughter, Irene, in New York City when her health started to decline, she later died of cancer on March 26, 1962. While she died in relative obscurity, Savage is remembered today as a great artist, activist, and arts educator; serving as an inspiration to the many that she taught, helped, and encouraged.
Augusta Savage's Legacy
One of the most underrated artists of human history was Augusta Savage. She lived in a time decades before the 21st century, but her impact in the culture of artistic expression was widespread. Augusta Savage was one of the most unsung artists in human history. She wanted her legacy to inspire younger, future generations to form sculptures, paintings, and other forms of works of art. By the 1930's, people worldwide knew her in Harlem as a sculptor, art teacher, and community art program director. Harlem is an epicenter of black glorious culture. Like many people, she was born in the south in Georgia. Later, Augusta Savage studied worldwide from America to Paris to cultivate her wisdom in art history and other aspects of designs. Her accomplishments existed by her own hard work, determination, and faith in justice. Savage worked in many jobs to provide for her own livelihood, but she never gave up on her dream to create sculptures. Gamin was a bust of her nephew. She wanted to portray accurate images of black human beings, because back in the day stereotypical images of people of black African descent were commonly promoted by racist individuals. Augusta Savage wanted that situation abolished completely. Savage was the first director of the Harlem Community Art Center and made a sculpture to represent the musical contributions of African Americans at New York World's Fair of 1939. During her later years, Augusta Savage taught children in local summer camps, wrote children's stories, wrote other stories, and produced portrait sculptures of tourists. She loved her daughter, and now we know more of her life. She was the icon of the arts.
Jacob Lawarence, Lois Mailou Jones, and Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller are some of the greatest artists of human history. Their works of genius will always be remembered by us in the present and in the future.
Honor to Black Artists
It is always important to give respect to black artists for many reasons. They are the first humans on Earth, and their art describes wisdom, beauty, and diversity of thought. Imagination is found among black artists who desire to paint images, sculpt objects, use digital art, draw images, work on magazines, create comics, and develop other means of human self-expression. There are many famous and unsung black artists with equal importance that has changed the world with their creativity. It is important to know their names and stories too. Kara Walker is part of the new school art scene and has done many works of art with paint including silhouettes. She tackles issues of politics, race, gender, etc. She was born in Stockton, California. In our generation, she is one of the most acclaimed Black American artists indeed. Jacob Lawrence was an innovator of art indeed. He not only painted about historical subjects. He showed images related to Harlem, NYC. As a professor at the University of Washington, Lawrence has inspired future artists to show their gifts to the world. He is one of the greatest artists in history. His work like the 1947 painting of The Builders is found in the White House. Jean-Michel Basquiat innovated graffiti and abstract art in New York City. The art of the Brooklyn Museum of Art inspired him. His father was Haitian, and his mother was Puerto Rican. Basquiat was fluent in French, Spanish, and English. By the 1970's, he started his work.
“To truly love we must learn to mix various ingredients – care, affection, recognition, respect, commitment, and trust, as well as honest and open communication.”
– Bell Hooks
Gordon Parks was a genius photographer, musician, writer, and film director. His photojournalist career mentioned issues of poverty, civil rights, and African American culture. His career stretched decades. He worked on Shaft and the Learning Tree films. Many of his photographs were featured in Life Magazine. Gordon Parks was the first African American to produce and direct major motion pictures relating to the experience of slaves and struggling black Americans in the modern age (after Micheaux). He helped to expand the blaxploitation genre. He had photos back in the 1940's. Gordon Parks made oil paintings too. He worked with Essence magazine. Parks was a friend to Malcolm X, and Malcolm X asked him to be the godfather of his daughter Qubliah Shabazz. Parks inspired future black directors like Spike Lee. Fort Scott, Kansas is the location of Gordon Parks' birth. He has won many prestigious awards like the NAACP Image Award in 2003, the PGA Oscar Micheaux Award in 1993, the National Medal of Arts award in 1998, and the Spingarn Medal in 1972. Edmonia Lewis was a famous African American/Native American sculptor too. She made sculptors of black people and Native people in a Neoclassical style. Edmonia Lewis knew how to fish, swim, and make moccasins. She was inspired by abolitionists and Civil rights heroes. James Van Der Zee is a famous artist who made photographs of mostly black New Yorkers. He was a major person of the Harlem Renaissance. He loved his wife and children too. Modern black artists are people like Faith Ringgold, Henry Taylor, Kehinde Wiley, Philemona Williamson, Carrie Mae Weems, Yinka Shonibare, Keith Knight, Bis a Butler, Amy Sherald, El Antasui, and other human beings. Forever, we realize that art is not only beauty. Art is the manifestation of imagination, the mind, and of creativity in general.
By Timothy