In 2004, it was a year when new school R&B artists rose up in the space to express their God-given talents to the world, and it was a time where legends of music excelled too. By January of 2004, Alicia Keys' You Don't Know My Name was already a huge hit. Jamie Foxx started his R&B singing career in a huge level as he dreamed about doing for years before 2000. By 2004, he worked with Kanye West and Twista plus other artists to make music. Jamie Foxx can do comedy, act, sing, and play the piano. One of the great hits of 2004 was the R&B club banger of Yeah! done by Usher featuring Lil Jon and Ludacris. That song was so popular that it was played everywhere with the crunk beat. This was the time when the South just dominated the R&B and hip hop musical culture. Alicia Keys' If I Ain't Got You and Usher's Burn were ballads that described the journeys of romance. Usher was personal in this year with the song of Confessions Part II (even admitting his flaws). Ciara came out with the breakout single of Goodies featuring the North Carolina hip hop artist of Petey Pablo. I knew from the beginning that Ciara was a different type of singer. She could dance very well, and she can sing with a melodic voice. Her debut album was Goodies with songs like 1,2, Step, Oh, and And I. The album was triple platinum. A lot of people don't know that she was born in Austin, Texas to a military family. She settled in Atlanta, Georgia later on. Ciara is a songwriter too writing music for Blu Cantrell's debut album of So Blu and Fantasia Barrino's Got Me Waiting (for Fantasia's debut album of Free Yourself). Ciara graduated from Riverdale High School in Riverdale, Georgia in 2003. She signed with LaFace Records headed by L.A. Red. She worked with producer Jazze Pha. Ciara by 2004 is the First Lady of Crunk&B. As time goes on, Ciara will continue to make more accomplishment, be blessed, and married a real humble man that is highly spiritual. Usher and Alicia Keys made their duet of My Boo. Both of them are great singers, made classic albums, and had musical chemistry. 2004 saw the merging of R&B and hip in music like with Snoop and Pharrell in many songs. In 2004, Kelis made the song of Milkshake. Christina Millian (who is also a famous Afro-Latina actress too) had the song of Dip It Low. Destiny's Child had many songs called Lose My Breathe, etc. among their final album of Destiny Fulfilled. Destiny's Child was one of the greatest groups of the 90s and 2000s. Destiny Fulfilled was released on November 16, 2004. Beyonce, Kelly Rowland,Michelle Williams, LaTavia Roberson, LeToya Luckett, and Farrah Franklin paved the way for so many women to perform on the stage today of the 21st century. Destiny's Child further worked with frequent collaborators such as Rockwilder, Swizz Beatz, and Rodney Jerkins as well as several new producers. Destiny Fulfilled was Destiny's Child's 5th studio album. 2004 saw many new artists like Nina Sky's Move Ya Body, Houston's I Like That, Chingy featuring Chris Weaver with One Call Away, Ruben Studdard with his album of Soulful, Mario Winans with his album of Hurt No More, etc. R. Kelly shown his music of U Saved Me and Happy People. Jill Scott released her album of Beautifully Human: Words and Sounds Vol. 2. Jill Scott's song of Cross My Mind caused her to win her first Grammy Award for the Best Urban/Alternative Performance category in 2005. Her album was released in America on August 31, 2004. One of her greatest songs on the album was the song Golden. Anita Baker released her album of My Everything on September 7, 2004. Her songs like You're My Everything and How Does it Feel outline her classic, soulful voice. She worked with producers like Barry J. Eastmond, George Duke, and Babyface. Beyonce's song of Me, Myself, and I was huge on the charts in 2005 too. Other R&B and soul singers who made music in the year were Ashanti, Eamon, Jamelia, Jennifer Lopez, Mario (with Let Me Love You), etc. Brandy released her 4th album of Afrodisiac on June 28, 2004. She worked with Timbaland, Candice Nelson ,and Kanye West on that album. Her songs like Talk About Our Love, Who is She 2 U, and Afrodisiac personified the Brandy sound. The album used hip hop sounds, experimental sounds, and was one predecessor to alternative R&B (that is commonly shown in the 2020s). Nivea made the song of Okay with Lil Jon and YoungBloodz. John Legend had his album of Get Lifted in 2004 too. The end of 2004 saw talent flourish.
The year of 2005 involving R&B music was the time of huge comebacks by legends of R&B. During the early part of 2005, the singer Mario had the song of Let Me Love You being high on the music charts. The singer Olivia worked with G Unit in music. One of the most popular songs of 2005 was Amerie's 1 Thing. The vocals, beats, and melodies of the song was magnificent from Amerie (who is from the DMV area). Amerie is one of the greatest R&B singers of the 21st century without question. The song was influenced by go-go rhythms and a sample of Meters' 1970 funk song of Oh, Calcutta! The song was from the soundtrack of the film Hitch. The remix had the rapper Eve on it. Amerie's singing ability on that song was great. It was her most commercially successful song. In the year of 2005, Bobby Valentino had the son of Slow Down. Ciara had the duet with Bow Wow called Like You as both of them dated in real life for a time. Gold Digger was a song with Kanye West and Jamie Foxx. Akon using music singing with Young Jezzy on the record Soul Survivor. Chris Brown debuted in 2005 with the song Run It. Chris Brown was born in Tappanhannock, Virginia. He was in the church choir and his debut album was in 2005 where it was double platinum. Chris Brown is a great entertainer, controversial, and there are many things that I don't agree with him on. Yet, this is history, and you have to record all R&B history filled with objectivity. Chris Brown said that he has been influenced by Michael Jackson, Usher, Marvin Gaye, New Edition, etc. One artist with a great comeback was Mary J. Blige with her album called The Breakthrough. It was released on December 20, 2005. Immediately, the album was well liked. It was probably the greatest album of Mary J. Blige of the 21st century. Songs like One, Be Without You, Take Me as I am, MJB da MVP, etc. are classics. She worked with all star group of songwriters and producers like 9th Wonder, Rodney Jerkins, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, Bryan-Michael Cox, JUSTICE League, Raphael Saadiq, Chucky Thompson, Cool & Dre, Ron Fair, and will.i.am. The Breakthrough debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. It sold about 3,100,000 copies. The album showed her R&B and hip hop style. The song Be Without You won Best Female R&B Vocal Performance and Best R&B song, and the album The Breakthrough won the category of Best R&B Album. Mariah Carey made an outstanding comeback with her 2005 album of The Emancipation of Mimi. It was released on April 12, 2005. She continued her legacy as one of the greatest singers of all time with that album. She worked with hip hop artists too like Snoop, Twista, Nelly, Pharrell Williams, etc. She also worked with Jermaine Dupri and James Wright. Songs like It's Like That, We Belong Together, Shake It Off, Get Your Number, Fly Like a Bird, and Say Somethin' were powerful. It debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 selling over 404,000 copies in its first week. The Emancipation of Mimi sold over 10 million copies worldwide. We Belong Together was at number one in America for 14 weeks. Mariah Carey proved to the world that she still had it. Mariah Carey won many awards for the album like Garmmys, Soul Train Awards, and a Vibe Award. In 2005, Mario promoted his music of Let Me Love You, Bobby Valentino had the song of Tell Me, Keyshia Cole had the song of Love, John Legend had Ordinary People, Fantasia had Free Yourself, and Omarion released his album of O. Faith Evans released her album of First Lady on April 5, 2005. She wanted move forward after having a long career with Bad Boy records. The Neptunes, Mario Winans, Chucky Thompson, and others worked on her album too. Kem released his album of Album II. Alicia Keys had Unplugged. Keyshia Cole had her debut solo album of The Way It Is in 2005 too. She is from Oakland, California. When she was young, she talked with the late Tupac Shakur. She worked with artists like Jadakiss, Eve, Kanye West, and others. The album described romance and love in complex terms. Singles like I Changed My Mind, I Just Want It to be over, Love, etc. have themes that women relate too. Many people compare her to Mary J. Blige when Cole first came out. Keyshia Cole represents the new generation of R&B artists with new school and old school flavor that has motivated future artists as well.
Hip Hop in 2012 was an age of transition. After 2012, it came 2013. Hip Hop in 2013 saw the growth of mumble rap, soundcloud rap, and similar genres. In January of 2013, TI completed his 10 year contract with Atlantic Records. On January 20, 2013, Lupe Fiasco was removed form the stage by security after criticizing Obama's foreign policies (in dealing with drone strikes, wars, etc.) in Washington, D.C. during Obama's 2nd Presidential inauguration. Rick Ross survived a murder attempt when he crashed his car in Fort Lauderdale. Jay Z signed Timabland to Roc Nation. Vado signed with Dj Khaled's We the Best Music Group Label. By February 2013, Drake won his first Grammy Award forBest Rap Album for Take Care. Jay Z and Kanye West took three Grammy each, 2 for the song N____ in Paris and for No Church in the Wild. On February 18, 2013, Kollegah and Farid Bang topped the German album charts with their collabo album Jung, brutal, gutaussehend 2 selling 80,000 copies in the release week. It is the highest number for a hip-hop album in Germany for the last five years. According to Billboard, Jay-Z and his Roc Nation imprint signed a “worldwide publishing administration deals with Warner/Chappell Music,” giving Jay-Z the rights back to his music post-Def Jam (The Blueprint 3, Watch The Throne) as well as future works, with most of his older catalog moving to the Warner umbrella within the year. A separate deal will put the past and future catalogs of Roc Nation's stable of artists on the publisher's roster immediately, including songwriters Philip Lawrence (Bruno Mars, Flo Rida, Cee-Lo Green), S1 (Kanye West, Beyoncé, 50 Cent), Carmen Key (Flo Rida, David Guetta), and British singer Rita Ora, among others. On March 1, 2013, former No Limit Records rapper Mr. Magic and his wife were killed in a car accident in Mississippi, their daughter who was with them at the time survived the crash. Magic was 37 years old at the time of his death. On March 2013, Method Man announced on stage that the Wu-Tang Clan are working on a sixth studio album, that will be released this year to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the release of their debut album, Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers). Cleveland Rapper Machine Gun Kelly took home the 2013 MtvU "Woodie of the Year" award at the 2013 MTV Woodie Awards. 2013 is the year when drill rappers like Chief Keef were very popular. On April 2013, Tyler, The Creator released his 3rd studio album Wolf (Tyler, the Creator album). On May 1, 2013, Chris Kelly of hip hop duo Kris Kross died at the age of 34. On June 14, 2013, Kanye West's Yeezus leaked online in its entirety. It was the last of the June 18 album releases to leak as Born Sinner and Mac Miller's Watching Movies with the Sound Off had leaked earlier in the month. Yeezus would be Kanye West's most controversial and debated album. It was in total left field on what people expected. At first, many people criticized it, but as time went on, people understood what Kanye West was trying to do. He was experimenting with songs, showing his political and social messages (along with showing his ego), and used a lot of rock influences on it too. Blood on the Leaves was one of Yeezus' most famous songs being similar to Billie Holiday's Strange Fruit song. The album was debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 with 327,000 copies. Yeezus dealt with issues of religion, romance, love, heartbreak, and many facets of his life. On June 22, Drake released four new songs, and announced the release date for his third album Nothing Was the Same. On August 13, Big Sean released a leftover track from his sophomore album Hall of Fame, "Control" which features Kendrick Lamar and Jay Electronica. Kendrick's verse caused controversy as he "called out" J. Cole, Big K.R.I.T., Wale, Pusha T, Meek Mill, A$AP Rocky, Drake, Big Sean, Jay Electronica, Tyler, the Creator, and Mac Miller and called himself the "King of New York." Many rappers took offense to the lines without even being mentioned by name. Rappers including Lupe Fiasco, Papoose, Joell Ortiz, Cassidy, Joe Budden, A$AP Ferg, J.R. Writer, Mickey Factz, Mysonne, Bizarre, and Fred the Godson all released a response or a diss song within a week. On September 26, 2013, Chicago drill rapper LA Capone was shot to death after leaving a recording studio. On October 8, Nipsey Hussle released his mixtape Crenshaw for free online, and in a limited 1,000 physical copies for $100 each. He sold out all the copies earning over 100,000 dollars in one day. On November 7, Eminem became the first artist since The Beatles, to be the lead artist with four songs in the top 20 of the Billboard Hot 100 during the same week ("The Monster" at #3, "Berzerk" at #15, "Survival" at #16, "Rap God" at #17). On December 20, Three 6 Mafia member and DJ Paul's brother Lord Infamous died from a heart attack. In 2013, old school artists released albums like MC Eith, DJ Muggs, Sole, LL Cool J, and Brother Ali. It was also the time when new artists started to show their music like Angel Haze, ASAP Rocky, Blu, Sho Baraka, ASAP Ferg, Earl Sweatshirt, Big Sean, Drake, Mac Miller, etc.
Finally, we have a new President and Vice President of the United States of America in early 2021. History has been made among many things during this time. We live in an era unlike any era since the 1960's and the American Civil War. Trump incited a failed coup d'etat against the United States government when mobs of mostly white terrorists stormed the U.S. Capitol building. Also, Trump sought the Justice Department intervention to hijack and invalidate the 2020 U.S. election. There is the pandemic killing over 400,000 Americans and infecting over 20 million Americans. Crisis is real. President Joe Bide and Vice President Kamala Harris has been voted by the majority of American voters. The previous President is one of the worst Presidents in American history. The current President Joe Biden is in a stage of American history where moderation is not enough. A bold vision and bold, progressive policies are necessary in enriching the lives of Americans. Biden and Harris have differences. Both are born in opposite coasts, both have different careers, and both ran against each other during the Democratic Presidential primary. Yet, they are certainly similar in being both Democrats, both winning the 2020 Presidential election, and both being part of history. Kamala Harris being the first black woman and first South Asian woman being Vice President is a monumental achievement, and Kamala acknowledges how Shirley Chisholm and so many other Sisters laid a foundation for her. Biden's challenge is that how to navigate a polarized political world in America. Will Biden's ultimate legacy as President be progressive or a typical, compromising neoliberal moderate? Time will tell. What is important is that we will be objective towards him. When Biden is right (as he is right to promote the Paris Climate Accords, restarting DACA, and promoting the act of targeting white racist terrorist groups), we will note that. If Biden is wrong on issues, then we will make that known too. Biden and Harris should have the opportunity to enact their policies, and we have the right to analyze their policies fairly with objectivity too. Some of the far right conservatives and Hoteps are angry that Trump lost. Some Hoteps even want to blame black people (in using anti-black words) for mostly voting for Biden, but Trump is a notorious racist and sexist. Trump (who wanted to overthrow the results of a legal election in 2020) made a terrible response to handle the pandemic, unemployment is higher at the end of Trump's Presidency than during the beginning, the deficit increased during the Trump era, and we know about Trump's numerous destructive policies. The Biden/Harris administration has to deal with the issues of racial equity, police brutality, domestic terrorism, the environment, women's issues, immigration, the economy, issues important to African Americans (as black people more so than any demographic voted Biden/Harris into office. Black Americans are entitled to have our interests respected and carried out point blank period), the pandemic, and other matters. Any human being should always oppose imperialism, as the military industrial complex has been very destructive in this world. It has been 160 yeas since the start of the Lincoln Presidency, and we have a massive amount of healing that should take place. Yet, healing must exist along with justice and accountability. Those, who were involved in the January 6, 2021 insurrection and treason against our democracy, must be held into account. The start of the Biden Presidency is made up of the good news that Trump is not in office, but we have to use vigilance and independent, progressive political thinking in dealing with the years of 2021 and beyond.
The 2021 Inauguration of Joseph Biden and Kamala Harris outline a new historic epoch of the history of the United States of America. News coverage of the 2021 Inauguration existed since the early morning of January 20, 2021. At a little after 8 am., Trump left the White House to leave to go into Florida. He gave final remarks at Andrews Air Force Base in Maryland. The whole vicinity of downtown Washington, D.C. was on military lockdown. Law enforcement snipers were on top of buildings, and about 25,000 National Guard troops were around the U.S. Capitol area. The Washington Monument was closed because of threats from domestic terrorists. Metal detectors are in the doors of the Capitol building. People were required to go through checkpoints and wear a mask during the inauguration too. Jimmy Carter didn't attend because of health concerns. Congressional leaders and former Presidents (along with their wives) of Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama came into the inauguration. Lady Gaga gave an emotional rendition of the national anthem. Jennifer Lopez sang the songs of This Land is Our Land and America, the Beautiful. She said some of the Pledge of Allegiance in Spanish. Kamala Harris was soon sworn in as the first woman, the first African American, and the first South Asian American Vice President of the United States of America. Kamala Harris sworn the oath on the Bible, Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor read the oath, and Harris' husband Doug Emhoff held onto the Bible. Then, Joe Biden sworn on the Bible as the 46th President of the Untied States of America by Chief Justice John Roberts. The 59th Presidential inauguration was unlike any other inauguration. Joe Biden's first Inauguration speech wasn't overly bombastic. It was straight up about unity, fighting white racism, and healing the nation. The speech was transparent. Biden's desire to make a more united America. A believe in unity but not in a fake unity. Unity must be bounded under justice and righteousness. Garth Brooks sang Amazing Grace. One of the most exciting, eloquent speech was made by the Poet Laureate Amanda Gorman. She read a poem that promoted unity, but she acknowledged the long road ahead. She made known that the evils in America have no justification, and we must defeat racism and any oppression in creating a better future. Amanda Groman is a superbly outstanding speaker and a real leader of our future. Biden alluded to the challenge and capacity of America solving problems by evoking the U.S. Civil War, the Great Depression, World Wars, and 9/11. Joe Biden criticized nativism, white supremacy, etc. as these evils are in violation of the words of the Declaration of Independence which states that all people are created equal. Then, Joe Biden, Jill Biden, Kamala Harris, and Doug Emhoff attended many official inauguration ceremonies in Washington, D.C. on a cold Wednesday. The Virtual Parade Across America shown the diversity and strength of the American people. Vice President Kamala Harris swore in the Senators Jon Ossoff, Raphael Warnock, and Alex Padilla. Biden and Harris lay a wreath at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at Arlington National Cemetery. The Inaugural parade procession included the U.S. military bands and drumline bands from Biden plus Harris's alma marters from Howard University and the University of Delaware.
The director of the Virtual Parade was hosted by actor Tony Goldwyn. Comedian Jon Stewart, singers Audra Day and Nile Rodgers, and Kathy Sledge were part of the festivals. Others include famous Olympians Nathan Chen, Allyson Felix, and Katie Ledecky. The Celebrating America Special was hosted by Tom Hanks at night in the freezing cold. Kamala Harris gave a speech celebrating America. Biden gave his speech too. Bruce Springsteen sang the song of Land of Hope and Dreams on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. Many people recited lines of the inaugural addresses of Presidents Abraham Lincoln, Franklin D. Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, and Ronald Reagan. Their names are Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Delores Huerta, Brayden Harrington, and Kim Ng. Their speeches desired national unity, peace, and patriotism. The celebration acknowledged workers who helped save lives too. Yo-Ya Ma, Ant Clemns, Justin Timberlake, and Foo Fighters shown music. John Legend performed his rendition of Feeling Good on the Lincoln Memorial. Sandra Lindsay or the nurse, who is the first U.S. citizen to receive the Pfizer vaccine, introduced singers Tyler Hubbard and Tim McGraw in performing Undivided on a Nashville rooftop. At the end, there was Katy Perry showing her song of Fireworks with a massive fireworks show over the Washington Monument. Biden, Harris,and their spouses celebrated the view. Biden and Harris watched the fireworks from the White House. Almost 40 million people watched the Biden's address. More than 21 million people watched the prime time Celebrating America special. Political leaders globally have celebrated the victory of Joe Biden and Kamala Harris.
Kwame Ture's early life was very eventful. He was born in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. True attended Tranquility School before moving to Harlem, New York City in 1952. He was 11 years old. Kwame Ture's parents immigrated to America when he was 2. He was raised by his grandmother and 2 aunts. He had 3 sisters. His mother was Mabel R. Carmichael, and she was a stewardess for a steamship line. His father, Adolphus, was a carpenter who also worked as a taxi driver. His family left Harlem to live in Van Nest in the East Bronx. Back then, it was an area mostly made up of Jewish and Italian immigrants including their descendants. He gave a 1967 interview to Life Magazine that he was the only black member of the Morris Park Dukes or a youth gang involved in alcohol and petty theft. Kwame Ture and his family were members of the Westchester United Methodist Church. He attended the Bronx High School of Science in NYC. He was known for his high achievement on its standardized entrance examination. Ture boycotted a local White Castle restaurant that didn't hire black people. On student recognition Sunday at his church, Kwame Ture gave an eye opening student sermon to the almost white congregation. He worked with the fellow Bronx Science student Samuel R. Delany in his high school. He graduated from high school in 1960. Then, Kwame Ture attended the historically black University of Howard University at Washington, DC. His professors were great scholars like Sterling Brown, Nathan Hare, and Toni Morrison. Toni Morrison was the late legend who was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature. Kwame Ture and Tom Kahn (the Jewish American student and fellow civil rights activist) helped to fund a 5 day run of Three Penny Opera by Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill. Kwame Ture organized many activist classmates to fight for civil rights. Kwame Ture graduated in 1964 from Howard University with a degree in philosophy. At Howard University, he joined NAG, the Nonviolent Action Group, the Howard campus affiliate of SNCC (or the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee). Kahn introduced Ture to people like Bayard Rustin. Kwame Ture was inspired by the young sit-in movement in the southern Untied States. Later, he became even more active in the overall Civil Rights Movement.
Janet Jackson's 1993 album of Janet was her 5th studio album. It was her most underrated album. It had songs about love, romance, politics (with a feature from Chuck D on the song New Agenda), and a range to diverse topics. It had classic after classic songs like That's the Way Loves Goes, If, Again, Because of Love, Any Time, Any Place, What I'll Do, etc. Janet was a work of art using R&B, pop, opera, house, jazz, hip hop, etc. The theme of her album in 1993 was about the complex nature of love. Love is about togetherness, fun, joy, intimacy, and the human heart. Her lyrics dealt with a woman's perspective of sexuality. Janet Jackson said in 1993 that sex is a joyful, celebratory process, and it is about feeling free. It was her first album where it debuted at number one selling 350,000 copies in its first week. It became certified sixfold platinum, it sold over 7 million in America, and 14 million copies worldwide. The MTV-sponsored Janet World Tour supported the album. Janet toured the world from London, Paris, etc. The album of Janet extended her legendary career into new heights and made her the international icon and sex symbol of the 1990's. Janet Jackson was already the icon in 1993. The album of Janet just put the stamp on her iconic reality. The 1994 Grammys saw Janet Jackson received an award for Best R&B Song of the Year, she won Soul Train Music Awards in 1994 for If, and she had other accolades for the album Janet.
It is always important to celebrate and analyze the lives of our heroes, especially our late heroes. He was a man who was trailblazer and a bridge figure. What I mean by the phrase of bridge figure is that Kwame Ture was part of both the Civil Rights Movement and the Black Power Movement. He was also a leader of the expansive Pan-African Movement too. This year is the 70th year anniversary of Kwame Ture's birth. Kwame Ture wanted to bridge the gap among freedom fighters in order for black liberation to be accomplished. Those diverse movements shaped his ideologies throughout the duration of his life. Born in Trinidad, his life represents the power of black heroic activism. We always salute the Afro-Caribbean community for its love of truth and justice. Kwame Ture was raised in New York City, so he saw racism and capitalistic exploitation first hand. Later, he graduated from the HBCU of Howard University (with its strong legacy and link to the black struggle), and Kwame Ture joined SNCC by the early 1960's. Kwame Ture was jailed, beaten, cursed at, and heavily mistreated by white racists. Yet, those evils never crushed his spirit. He continued onward with joy, zeal, and passion to advocate for our liberation. That is why he promoted Black Power as a positive means for black people to control their own community and autonomy (in being an independent political and economic force). Ture traveled all over Africa in order to oppose Western imperialism in any of it manifestations. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was his mentor. Though, they disagreed with each other on some issues, they were well known friends and allies of the journey for justice. Dr. King and Kwame Ture both agreed with opposing the Vietnam War 100%. Both Dr. King and Kwame Ture issued critiques of the system of capitalism in strong terms. Ture temporarily worked with the Black Panthers and later worked to promote Pan-African unity to the day of his passing. His contributions to the black freedom struggle were monumental. Kwame Ture told the truth that we, who are black people, are ultimately Africans regardless of where we were born at. Ture saw the strength of black people and viewed non violence as a tactic not as a way of life (as he believed in self-defense). Kwame Ture was a great social activist who believed in true justice.
By Timothy
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