Summer 2025.

 

Summer 2025

As we enter Summer in June of 2025, we are always reminded of the lessons of life. One very important lesson is for us to respect ourselves. Respecting ourselves doesn't relate to egoism or narcissism. That means that we honor our boundaries and our core convictions in order to better ourselves and humanity in general. For example, we believe in fair treatment, confidence, self-control, integrity, and honor as some of the most core convictions. Therefore, we will never relinquish our core values and be a doormat to capitulation to the status quo. After all of these years of me living on this Earth, I have fully learned that respect goes a long way. Many people may hate you, and many people will love you in many ways. Yet, real people will always respect you if you stick by your boundaries, honor your cherished views and moral precepts, and stand up for justice. I am not a politically correct person as you realize. I am a controversial person. I speak my mind in an unapologetic way, and I love to be honest on who I am and what I represent. Another lesson in life is to never give up. We are born in this world created in the image of God with purpose and value. Gifts reside in our souls, and we should have the subsequent right to thrive in life to express our gifts to the Universe. That is why exercise, eating healthy, getting medical checkups regularly, self-improvement in general, therapy, planning goals, and treating people right (as all people should be treated with dignity and with respect) will make all the difference in the world to grow as people. Some people in this generation want to promote distractions (like minstrel shows antics, gender war nonsense as women and men collectively shouldn't be scapegoated for all evils in the world, unnecessary gossip, and body shaming which is evil. 

Building communities, STEM, mental health awareness, fitness issues, history, agriculture, environmental issues, etc. are much more important topics to delve into than repugnant distractions that don't solve problems. We are a solution-oriented people). Also, it is important to expose the manosphere nonsense (which blames women for tons of issues in society. Members of this movement are readily arrested like accused criminal Andrew Tate. Other deceptive members of this manosphere/red pill movement are Anton Daniels, Adin Ross, Just Pearly things, DJ Akademiks, Sneako, Myron Gaines, Jason Whitlock, etc. A large percentage of manosphere/red pill advocates support the MAGA movement). They promote the lie that we must follow red pill nonsense to accept dates or be better people. Manosphere and red pill adherents have a gross perversion of true manhood. They view manhood as Machiavellian, selfish, harboring distrust of all women, advancing hedonism, and having a sense of arrogance to assume that dominating society in a brutal fashion equates to strength. True positive manhood is about building, accepting accountability and responsibility, forming alliances, protecting humanity for altruistic motivations, providing something of value to the Earth, defending truth and justice, loving a wife and raising children (if a man is married and has children as accurately mentioned by Sister Judge Toler. Single men are men too), honoring hard work, cherish love of family and children, having discipline, promoting self-control, advancing emotional intelligence, being resilient, caring for your neighbor, constantly learning, displaying courage, and loving women for a just purpose. Hating and stereotyping women is not about being a better person. Those actions are about misogyny and hatred of women period. To be truly a revolutionary, we have to promote the truth that women should be treated as human beings with dignity and respect, just like everyone else. Women matter and men matter. So, anyone saying that all men are trash or say that all women are trash are agents and liars period. Therefore, if you are reading these words, I encourage you to love your neighbor, to forgive, to live right, to repent, and to believe on God who gave his life to save our souls. Another great lesson of living life is to learn both book smarts and street smarts. Reading books, writing, and communicating greatly are grandiose ways to be the best that you can be. We have to love goodness, righteousness, holiness, and God. Following the knowledge of the truth makes perfect sense. Also, we have to know about emotional intelligence and social mores of diverse cultures in order to navigate in such a complex 21st century atmosphere. Life will not be easy at times, but we have to get through challenges with a sober mind and courage to bless us in the present and future. 

In our time near the Summer of 2025, Trump has shown havoc in American society. He has promoted triple-digit percentage tariffs that threaten our economy. He has overreached so much that his approval is as low as 39 percent. This comes after 100 billionaire families spent $2.6 billion in the 2024 election. 70% of these donations went to the Republicans. Trump has allowed radical DOGE cuts that have allowed innocent federal workers to be fired unjustly, and harm done to tons of children and adults. Trump has been a threat to democracy by seeking to strip birthright citizenship (as found in the Fourteenth Amendment), defied a Supreme Court order (to allow a legal resident to come back to America from El Salvador after he was kidnapped without due process of law. He recently allowed this person to return to America), tried to force Harvard University to accept whitewashing history policies, desires to annex Greenland (and the Panama Canal and Canada), threatened to arrest Liz Cheney (for Cheney's opposition the terrorism of the January 6th insurrection), pardoned January 6th insurrection terrorists, illegally jailed pro-Palestinian residents without due process (in violation of the First Amendment), and tried to intimidate the media (like trying to shut down Voice of America, shutting NBC News and NRP out of work spaces at the Pentagon, and the administration canceled subscriptions across agencies to publications like Politico and Reuters). These acts are done in just the first 100 days of the Trump regime. You have many cabinet members who are compromised, involved in scandals, and many GOP Congressional people refuse to go on town halls, as many people oppose the MAGA agenda. There are high prices of groceries, and threats to Medicaid and Medicare being cut in various budgets. Many people have held a sit-in on Capitol steps to protest the policies of the Trump administration. There are protestors now fighting against fascism and the wicked policies from a tyrant in the White House. We are in the middle of a movement and real change must be done in the streets, in Congress, in the courts, and in other places of our society. 

We live in economic uncertainty. Trump ran on lowering prices for Americans, but his tariff policies have resulted in price increases. That is why Walmart desires to increase prices on its goods and services because of the Trump tariffs. Back in the day, the rich used to pay higher taxes to the government. In our time, the government pays the rich interest on debt which is caused mostly by lower taxes on the rich. The Trump tax cuts for the super wealthy will increase the deficit. I am not a fiscal conservative, but this is a reality. If the federal minimum wage had kept pace with worker productivity gains since the 1960s, it would now be nearly $26 an hour. No one in modern day American society can survive making $7.14 an hour, especially a person with children. This corruption in the Trump administration is very much transparent. For example, Trump held a private dinner for his crypto coin buyers. He has promoted Telsas on the White House driveway on the behalf to of a multi billionaire who spent $277 million backing him, and he uses state visits to advance his hotel business. Trump has violated the rule on law, even defying a Supreme Court decision. So, corruption is definitely found in the Trump administration. Trump is also the most anti-environmental President in American history in my opinion. One example is how Trump's EPA is planning to roll back rules that limit the amount of "forever chemicals" allowed in drinking water. This comes after chemical companies donated massively to his inauguration fund. There is no excuse for this rule as we need to protect our environment and our people. 

The ideology of MAGA is cruelty (as Trump desires to cut the highly successful program of Job Corps. Donna Hay is the President and CEO of National Job Corps Associations who has opposed these cuts as now many people are out in the streets. Some are homeless now because of the Trump Job Corps cuts), monopolies, and the erosion of democracy as promoted by people behind the scenes like Curtis Yarvin. Yarvin is allied with the far-right Claremont Institute. He wrote a book called The Dark Enlightenment, where he admits that he wants societies to be run by a strict group of hierarchy without democracy. The far right is the same old enemy that we have confronted for decades and centuries now. Our ancestors defeated them in the American Civil War and World War II. Today, many of them are in this new accelerationist movement. This movement desires the modern, Western democratic state to end to promote a white racist society. Many people who accept far-right extremism are the Oath Keepers and QAnon. Many followers of accelerationist views are terrorists and sick people like Seth Aaron Pendley, a January 6th insurrectionist. He was sentenced to 10 years in prison for desiring to blow up an Amazon data center in Virginia to try to destroy 70 percent of the Internet. A Washington Post-University Maryland poll found that as high as one-third of the people surveyed believe that in dire circumstances, violence against the U.S. government would be justified. New Neo-Nazi groups like Order of the Nine Angles and people like Nick Land support accelerationism. The Trump administration desires Trump to have nearly no accountability and to act as a tyrannical king. Sellouts like Bill Maher may coddle Trump, but we won't. 

In retrospect, the real elite in the one percent is not progressive. The reason is that the large corporations (we know that the Republicans, not Biden, supported the shipping of America's wealth, including manufacturing jobs, overseas by the 1970s, while foreign nations are exploited by these same corporations. Therefore, both Americans and non-Americans overseas are oppressed by the same interest groups) and those in the elites for real aided the Trump campaign financially, and the same medieval monarchy agenda (which has been embraced by the elites) is supported by Trump (from his advocacy of radical austerity, Trump attacking the free speech rights of Harvard University, his attacks on due process, and to his dehumanization of immigrants of color. These actions are evil, plain and simple). Despite J.D. Vance, Trump, Homon, and others mocking "woke," being woke to promote civil rights is not evil. The 1960s Civil Rights Movement was a necessity to fight to end generational, systematic racism against black people in America. In 2025, we have the Trump administration even eliminating information from federal websites that mention black history. Therefore, we have every right to defend our health care, to protect our civil liberties, to defend the rights of minorities plus all people (as we believe in equality and justice for all) to protect Medicaid and Social Security, and to protect Medicare.

I can't be a man without mentioning this following information. A genocide is taking place in Gaza, and certain people in both Republican and Democratic Parties are either silent on this genocide or try to justify it (which is sick). There is no excuse for Gazan children being bombed. There is no excuse for a war criminal and a madman like Benjamin Netanyahu to explicitly block humanitarian aid to Gaza under the guise of stopping Hamas. We know Hamas is evil and filled with terrorists and murderers. Yet, that is not a justification for civilian locations in Gaza to be bombed, checkpoints to exist in the region, and massive tyranny against the Palestinian people to flourish. As black people, we know full well what it's like to be oppressed and discriminated against. I don't want any other group of people to suffer what our ancestors had suffered. That is why it is important for us to support Palestinians and fair minded, progressive Israelis in order to make a solution, so all people in that region can have justice, equality, and peace without occupation. 

Malcolm X: 100 Years Later

Heroes are never myths. They are subsequently real. Malcolm X was a prominent hero who utilized his God given oral and intellectual abilities and revolutionary actions to stand up for black liberation, advocate for Pan-African unity, oppose imperialism plus colonialism, advance the rights of women, and sought justice for all. His lifetime was filled with massive ideological evolutions spanning many years. For example, Malcolm X went from a criminal to a high level N.O.I. (Nation of Islam) member. Later, Malcolm X would leave the N.O.I. (over ideological and personal disagreements) having his Hajj in Mecca and became an Orthodox Sunni Muslim black nationalist and Revolutionary black Pan Africanist. Therefore, Malcolm X lived for 39 years in amazing life journey. He loved his wife and their children. Malcolm X was always a political independent; he supported fellow revolutionaries (including socialists) and even shook hands with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in 1964. Malcolm X criticized the liberal establishment, but he wasn't a far-right extremist (like many MAGA and Hoteps are in 2025). In fact, Malcolm X opposed capitalism, resisted imperialism, and wanted an overthrow of the Western international power structure in 1965 by his own words. Malcolm X experienced martyrdom in February 1965 when he was murdered by cowardly people. We know about who killed him, but we should also know about how the FBI, the CIA, and the NYPD infiltrated the N.O.I. and the OAAU for time using their informants (in trying to strike authentic black revolutionary movements for real social change). The CIA illegally monitored Malcolm X when he was in Africa, Asia, and Europe. The FBI and the NYPD used intelligence spies on Malcolm X, especially when he was working in the OAAU in the United States of America. Malcolm X inspired freedom loving people to continue on the path of standing up against injustice. Consequently, Malcolm X was one of the greatest leaders in human history who inspired black people to have confidence, strength, and the intellectual power to achieve more greatness (in the cause of freedom and justice). 

Early Childhood

Malcolm X lived a very dynamic, interesting life. He was born in the Midwest in Omaha, Nebraska on May 19, 1925. He was the fourth of seven children. His parents were Grenada born Louise Helen Little (her maiden name was Langdon) and Georgia born Earl Little. Earl Little was a courageous Baptist lay speaker who spoke out against racial injustice and stood up for the rights of black people. Both of Malcolm X's parents were admirers of Pan-African activist Marcus Garvey (who was pardoned by the United States government recently). Earl was the local leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and Louise served as secretary and branch reporter. She sent news of local UNIA activities to Negro World. The parents gave their children the consciousness to believe in self-reliance and love of their black African identity. Marcus Garvey was also inspired by the self-reliance views of Booker T. Washington. Malcolm X later said that white racists killed four of his father's brothers. The Ku Klux Klan threatened Earl Little constantly, so the family moved to Milwaukee in 1926. They lived in Lansing, Michigan. Malcolm X accused the white racist gang called the Black Legion of burning their family home in 1929. Earl Little died on a streetcar. Malcolm X and his mother said that Earl Little was murdered by white racist men. Malcolm X's mother had financial issues, mental stress, and other issues in raising the family after Earl Little's death. Louise had to get money from a life insurance payment of $18 a month, rented out part of her garden, and her sons hunted game. White Seventh Day Adventist tried to convert the family. Later, Louise Little and her son Wilfred were baptized into the Seventh Day Adventist Church. Malcolm X said that the Adventists were "the friendliest white people I had ever seen." 

In 1937, Louise was pregnant by another man, but he vanished from her life. By 1938, Louise had a nervous breakdown and was committed to Kalamazoo State Hospital. The children were separated and sent to foster homes. Malcolm X and his siblings secured her release 24 years later. Malcolm X attended West Junior High School in Lansing and then Mason High School in Mason, Michigan. He excelled in junior high school, was called the n word constantly, and dropped out of high school. This was after a white racist teacher told him that practicing law, his aspiration in life during that point of his life, was "no realistic goals for a n______." Later, Malcolm X felt that the white society offered no place for a career oriented black man, regardless of talent. From 14 to 21, Malcolm X worked in many jobs while living with his half-sister Ella Little-Collins in Roxbury, a mostly African American neighborhood in Boston, Massachusetts. 

 

Detroit Red

The era of Detroit Red started in 1943. Malcolm X spent a short time in Flint, Michigan, and he moved into New York City's Harlem neighborhood in 1943. As black Americans, Harlem is one of our many cultural Meccas. Harlem has a long history of African American excellence in the arts, literature, STEM, dancing, fashion, and other aspects of human living. In Harlem, Malcolm X worked in the New Haven Railroad. He engaged in drug dealing, gambling, racketeering, robbery, and pimping. These evil acts were very brutal. He lived a rough and dangerous life during that time period. There is the elephant in the room. Frankly, we're adults here. We're grown, so let's delve into it. Biographer Bruce Perry and the recent Manning Marable book said that Malcolm X engaged with sex with men for money (and had sex with a non-binary person named Willie Mae). This is controversial and many of Malcolm X's relatives and close friends dispute this claim (including the book sponsored by Black Agenda Report that rejects Marable's book on Malcolm X). Me personally, I don't agree with the premise that Malcolm X committed adultery after he married Betty Shabazz (as claimed by Manning Marable's book). There is a work called, "The Second Assassination of Malcolm X: A Critical Review of Manning Marable’s Biography" by  John Andrew Morrow, Ph.D., (from the Institute for Shipboard Education Semester at Sea, University of Virginia) which conclusively proves in my view that there is no conclusive evidence that Malcolm X committed adultery after he was married, because Marable relies on hearsay lacking authentic sources to document his fallacious allegations against Malcolm X after he was married. FBI files document that Malcolm X had upstanding moral character when he was in the N.O.I. and afterwards. Regardless of the truth, this doesn't diminish his legacy for freedom and justice as a man or as a human being. Malcolm X befriended John Elroy Sanford, a fellow dishwater at Jimmy's Chicken Shack in Harlem (who wanted to be a professional comedian). John Sanford is Red Foxx, the famous comedian and actor on Sanford and Son decades later. Both men had reddish hair, so Sanford was called Chicago Red and Malcolm X was called Detroit Red. By this time, the country was in the middle of World War II. So, Malcolm X was summoned by the local draft board for military service in WWII during late 1943. He acted out in a mental disturbance by rambling and declaring, "I want to be sent down South. Organize them n_____ soldiers...steal some guns and kill us (some) crac____." He was declared "mentally disqualified for military services." Malcolm X wasn't insane but acted that way to escape military service. Malcolm X worked with West Indian Archie for a time too. Malcolm X dated black and white women during this time. By late 1945, Malcolm X returned to Boston, where he and four accomplices committed a series of burglaries targeted rich white families. In 1946, he was arrested while picking up a stolen watch he had left at a shop for repairs. In February 1946, he started to serve a sentence of eight to ten years at Charleston State Prison for larceny and breaking and entering. Two years later, Malcolm X was transferred to Norfolk Prison Colony (in Massachusetts). 

Imprisonment

Prison is a harsh experience for any human being. Malcolm X had to live in a dreadful environment where he was in prison for numerous years. In prison, Malcolm X met a fellow convict named John Bembry, who was a self-educated man. Bembry would be later described as "the first man I had ever seen command total respect...with words." With Bembry's influence, Malcolm developed a voracious appetite for reading. Malcolm X read books, the dictionary, and other literature in prison. Later, many of his siblings wrote to him about the Nation of Islam. Back then, the N.O.I. was a new religious movement preaching black self-reliance and ultimately the return of the African Diaspora to Africa, where they would be free from white American and European domination. Malcolm X showed little interest at first, but after his brother Reginald wrote in 1948, "Malcolm, don't eat any more pork and don't smoke any more cigarettes. I'll show you how to get out of prison." He almost instantly quit smoking and began to refuse pork. In prison, Malcolm X was visited by Reginald. Reginald told Malcolm X about the teachings of the Nation of Islam. The Nation of Islam taught that white people are considered devils. Malcolm X at first struggled to accept this belief. Later, Malcolm X reflected on his past relationships with white people and concluded that they had all been dishonesty, promoted injustice (along with greed and hatred). Malcolm X had a hostility towards Christianity which is why people in prison called him "Satan." This hostility towards Christianity is not because of true Christianity. It is because fake Christians used a faux spirituality to promote racism, slavery, and injustice that caused many people to view every Christian in the same lens unfortunately. Malcolm X was receptive to the Nation of Islam. In late 1948, Malcolm X wrote to Elijah Muhammad, the leader of the Nation of Islam. Muhammad wanted Malcolm X to renounce his past, humbly bow in prayer to Allah, and promise never against to engage in destructive behaviors like cheating, stealing, womanizing, excessive drug use, etc. Malcolm X struggled to do this at first. Later, bowed his knees to convert to the Nation of Islam. Then, Malcolm X was a dedicated follower of the Nation of Islam. He started to have a regular correspondence with Elijah Muhammad. 

In 1950, the FBI opened a file on Malcolm X after he wrote a letter from prison to President Harry S. Truman expressing opposition to the Korean War and declaring himself a communist. He used the named Malcolm X in 1950 too. Elijah Muhammad wanted his N.O.I. followers to leave their family names behind and use the letter X as a surname instead. They use this until the time was right to get their original name. To Malcolm X in his autobiography, the term X represented the true African family name that they could never know. X in mathematics means the unknown, so our surnames originally are unknown. Malcolm X related his surname of Little with X as Little was the name of the slaveowners who owned and oppressed his ancestors. The Nation of Islam view Jesus Christ as a great leader and prophet but not the Son of the living God. For the record, I do believe that Jesus Christ is more than a prophet and a great leader. I believe that Jesus Christ is the Messiah and the Son of the living God. 

 

Membership in the Nation of Islam

Malcolm X finally had parole in August 1952. So, Malcolm X got out of prison and met with his teacher Elijah Muhammad in Chicago. It was an emotional meeting. By June 1953, Malcolm X was named assistant minister of the Nation's Temple Number One in Detroit. Later in that year, he established Boston's Temple Number 11. In March 1954, he expanded Temple Number 12 in Philadelphia. Two months later, he was selected to lead Temple Number 7 in Harlem, where he rapidly expanded its membership. In 1953, the FBI started its illegal surveillance of Malcolm X. They claimed that Malcolm X had communist associations when he has his rapid ascent in the Nation of Islam. During 1955, Malcolm X continued his successful recruitment of members on behalf of the Nation of Islam. He was the greatest expander of the Nation of Islam in its history. He formed temples in Springfield, Massachusetts (Number 13), Hartford, Connecticut (Number 14), and Atlanta (Number 15). Hundreds of African Americans were joining the Nation of Islam every month. Many non-black people don't understand why. The reason is that over centuries of many black people being brainwashed in self-hating attitudes, many black people joined the Nation of Islam to see something positive about their black heritage, to clean up their lives morally, and to have confidence and self-determination in their lives. This movement was heavily popular in the urban centers of the North and the Midwest initially. Malcolm X was one of the greatest orators of all time with a great speaking ability that used Biblical references, history, similes, metaphors, and stories to get his point across to the people. Working class black people definitely appeared to his messages including many middle-class black Americans too. He was 6 feet 3 inches tall and was about 180 pounds. He wore suits and ties when he spoke. Malcolm X wanted to date like many men wanted to do. By 1955, the love story between Malcolm X and Betty Shabazz (previously Betty Sanders) started. Betty Shabazz met Malcolm X after one of his lecturers. They met at a dinner party. Soon, she was regularly attending his lectures. In 1956, Betty joined the Nation of Islam and changed her name to Betty X. One on one dates were forbidden by the Nation's teachings, so the couple courted at many social events with dozens and hundreds of others. Malcolm X made a point of inviting her on the frequent group visits he led to New York City's museums and libraries. 

By January 1958, Malcolm X proposed to Betty Shabazz during a telephone call from Detroit. They married two days later. Their love blossomed and grown. They had six daughters: Attallah (born 1958; Arabic for 'gift of God'); Qubilah (born 1960, named after Kublai Khan); Ilyasah (born 1962, named after Elijah Muhammad); Gamilah Lumumba (born 1964, named after Gamal Abdel Nasser and Patrice Lumumba); and twins Malikah (1965–2021), and Malaak (born 1965, both born after their father's death and named in his honor). 

One turning point in the history of Malcolm X was about the police brutality injustice inflicted against Hinton Johnson. Much of the American public first heard of Malcolm X in 1957 after Hinton Johnson, a Nation of Islam member, was beaten by two New York City police officers. On April 26, 1957, Johnson and two other passersby‍—‌also Nation of Islam members‍—‌saw the officers beating an African American man with nightsticks. When they attempted to intervene, shouting, "You're not in Alabama ... this is New York!" one of the officers turned on Johnson, beating him so severely that he suffered brain contusions and subdural hemorrhaging. All four African American men were arrested. Alerted by a witness, Malcolm X and a small group of Muslims went to the police station and demanded to see Johnson. Police initially denied that any Muslims were being held, but when the crowd grew to about five hundred, they allowed Malcolm X to speak with Johnson. Afterward, Malcolm X insisted on arranging for an ambulance to take Johnson to Harlem Hospital.

Johnson's injuries were treated and by the time he was returned to the police station, some four thousand people had gathered outside. Inside the station, Malcolm X and an attorney were making bail arrangements for two of the Muslims. Johnson was not bailed, and police said he could not go back to the hospital until his arraignment the following day. Considering the situation to be at an impasse, Malcolm X stepped outside the station house and gave a hand signal to the crowd. Nation members silently left, after which time the rest of the crowd also dispersed. One police officer told the New York Amsterdam News: "No one man should have that much power." Within a month the New York City Police Department arranged to keep Malcolm X under surveillance; it also made inquiries with authorities in other cities in which he had lived, and prisons in which he had served time. A grand jury declined to indict the officers who beat Johnson. In October, Malcolm X sent an angry telegram to the police commissioner. Soon the police department assigned undercover officers to infiltrate the Nation of Islam. By the 1960s, Malcolm X started to use a new name called Malcolm Shabazz or el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz (meaning the Pilgrim Malcolm The Patriarch). During this time, Malcolm X's views and comments on issues were widely reported in radio and television. He was featured in the 1959 New York City television broadcast about the Nation of Islam called The Hate That Hate Produced. This documentary was produced in 1959 by Mike Wallace and Louis Lomax, one of the greatest black journalists during that time period. Lomax interviewed members of the Nation of Islam with two white camera operators. It showed rare footage of N.O.I. speeches and meetings. Before that documentary, many white Americans never heard of the Nation of Islam. The N.O.I.'s membership increased rapidly after the show was presented to the public. Many people called the documentary bias as making a false moral equivalency between the N.O.I. and southern white racist terrorist groups. In his book White Violence, Black Response, Herbert Shapiro criticizes Wallace's opening comments that the Nation of Islam "preach[es] a gospel of hate that would set off a federal investigation if it were preached by Southern whites." He noted that some Southern whites—including state and local elected officials—did in fact preach such a gospel of hate, but the federal government had done almost nothing to stop their hate propaganda. Shapiro also argues that Wallace confused the Nation's rhetoric that condemned white people with a specific plan for violence against white people. In other words, it is fine to disagree with some of the views of the Nation of Islam, but the Nation of Islam never promoted or executed a policy of rape, torture, and extermination of all white people. Yet, southern white racist terrorist groups have in real life raped, tortured, murdered, intimidated, and suppressed the rights of black Americans for a long time. 

Malcolm X went to many news media programs to defend the Nation of Islam and promote his ideologies. In September 1960, at the United Nations General Assembly in New York City, Malcolm X was invited to the official functions of several African nations. He met Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, Ahmed Sékou Touré of Guinea, and Kenneth Kaunda of the Zambian African National Congress. Fidel Castro also attended the Assembly, and Malcolm X met publicly with him as part of a welcoming committee of Harlem community leaders. Castro was sufficiently impressed with Malcolm X to suggest a private meeting, and after two hours of talking, Castro invited Malcolm X to visit Cuba. When Malcolm X was in the Nation of Islam from 1952 to 1964, he promoted its views like black people are the original people of the world (which is true), white people are devils, and the demise of the white race is imminent. That Nation of Islam is right that black people are the first original humans, being Black is Beautiful, and self-determination is a legitimate path to follow in seeking freedom and justice. As for all white people being devils, Malcolm X learned later that you judge a person based on character, not color. So, many white people are indeed devils, but not all white people. Also, honoring one's black heritage and honoring Black Love has nothing to do with racism. Some people need to realize that too. 

The Civil Rights Movement wanted to end the disenfranchisement of African American (or giving black people the right to vote and have basic civil rights), but the Nation of Islam forbade its members from participating in voting and other aspects of the political process. Malcolm X would leave the N.O.I. in part, because of the Nation of Islam's disengagement with the political process or political activism for social change. That would be later. Many moderate civil rights organizations like the NAACP would denounce Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam as irresponsible extremists whose views did not represent the common interests of African Americans. The truth is that Malcolm X spoke to the pain, legitimate anger, and outrage of black people (especially in the urban areas of the North, the West, and the Midwest) who were desperate for dignity, self-respect, and freedom. Down South, Jim Crow was paramount. In the North, West, and Midwest, Jim Crow in many cases were legally gone, but they had de facto segregation (or Jim Crow apartheid by unwritten policy), police brutality, economic oppression, lax resources, and other social problems. These complications allowed many black American to gravitate towards the Nation of Islam to seek a sense of human completeness, psychological growth in loving Blackness, and mental strength. 

Malcolm X criticized the Civil Rights Movement heavily as being a puppet movement of the white establishment. He once called Dr. Martin Luther King a "chump" and other civil rights leaders various names. Malcolm X opposed to racial integration when he was a follower of Elijah Muhammad and opposed interracial relationships. He called the 1963 March on Washington as the Farce on Washington (in saying that he did not know why so many Black people were excited about a demonstration "run by Whites in front of a statue of a president who has been dead for a hundred years and who didn't like us when he was alive"). Malcolm X back then wanted not segregation but separation of African Americans from white people in forming a separate country for black people in America (and then return to Africa). He held these views when he was in the N.O.I. Malcolm X promoted self-defense by any means necessary not unconditional nonviolence. His speeches were hugely received by African Americans especially in the northern, midwestern, and western cities. Malcolm X articulated the complaints of many black people like a prosecutor condemning American society for its crimes against black Americans. His oratory superseded many in the civil rights movement. Malcolm X was the 2nd most influential leader of the Nation of Islam after Elijah Muhummad. He helped to increase the group's membership between the early 1950s and early 1960s—from around 1,200 to between 50,000 and 100,000 members, with up to 25,000 actively attending, according to estimates.

Malcolm X inspired the boxer Muhammad Ali to join the Nation of Islam. Two of them were close friends. In January 1964, Ali brought Malcolm X and his family to Miami to watch him train for his fight against Sonny Liston. When Malcolm X left the Nation of Islam, he tried to convince Ali (who had just been renamed by Elijah Muhammad) to join him in converting to Sunni Islam, but Ali instead broke ties with him, later describing the break as one of his greatest regrets. Malcolm X mentored and guided Louis X (later known as Louis Farrakhan), who eventually became the leader of the Nation of Islam. Malcolm X also served as a mentor and confidant to Elijah Muhammad's son, Wallace D. Muhammad; the son told Malcolm X about his skepticism toward his father's "unorthodox approach" to Islam. Wallace Muhammad was excommunicated from the Nation of Islam several times, although he was eventually re-admitted.

From 1962 to 1963, there were many events that caused Malcolm X to reassess his relationship with the Nation of Islam and Elijah Muhammad. The FBI worked behind the scenes to promote division in the Nation of Islam too. This tension caused many N.O.I. members to have jealousy of Malcolm X's oratory ability, leadership, and courage to stand up for black liberation. By late 1961, there were violent confrontations between the Nation of Islam members and police in South Central Los Angeles, and numerous Muslims were arrested. They were acquitted, but tensions had been raised. Just after midnight on April 27, 1962, two LAPD officers, unprovoked, shoved and beat several Muslims outside Temple Number 27. A large crowd of angry Muslims emerged from the mosque and the officers attempted to intimidate them.

One officer was disarmed; his partner was shot in the elbow by a third officer. More than 70 backup officers arrived who then raided the mosque and randomly beat Nation of Islam members. Police officers shot seven Muslims, including William X Rogers, who was hit in the back and paralyzed for life, and Ronald Stokes, a Korean War veteran, who was shot from behind while raising his hands over his head to surrender, killing him. A number of Muslims were indicted after the event, but no charges were laid against the police. The coroner ruled that Stokes's killing was justified. To Malcolm X, the desecration of the mosque and the associated violence demanded action, and he used what Louis X (later Louis Farrakhan) later called his "gangsterlike past" to rally the more hardened of the Nation of Islam members to take violent revenge against the police.

Malcolm X sought Elijah Muhammad's approval which was denied, stunning Malcolm X. Malcolm X was again blocked by Elijah Muhammad when he spoke of the Nation of Islam starting to work with civil rights organizations, local Black politicians, and religious groups. Louis X saw this as an important turning point in the deteriorating relationship between Malcolm X and Muhammad. There were rumors and allegations of Elijah Muhammad was conducting extramarital affairs with young Nation of Islam secretaries. That would be a serious violation of the Nation's teachings. After first discounting the rumors, Malcolm X came to believe them after he spoke with Muhammad's son Wallace and with the girls making the accusations. Muhammad confirmed the rumors in 1963, attempting to justify his behavior by referring to precedents set by Biblical prophets. Over a series of national TV interviews between 1964 and 1965, Malcolm X said that he provided testimony of his investigation, corroboration, and confirmation by Elijah Muhammed himself of multiple counts of alleged child rape. During this investigation, he learned that seven of the eight girls had become pregnant as a result of this. He also revealed an assassination attempt made on his life, through a discovered explosive device in his car, as well as the death threats he was receiving, in response to his exposure of Elijah Muhammad. To this very day, Louis Farrakhan and many Nation of Islam members deny the allegations of adultery and extramarital affairs against Elijah Muhammad. 

 

The Suspension

On December 1, 1963, when asked to comment on the assassination of John F. Kennedy, Malcolm X said that it was a case of "chickens coming home to roost." He added that "chickens coming home to roost never did make me sad; they've always made me glad." Likewise, according to The New York Times, Malcolm X cited other events as chickens coming home to roost. The remarks prompted widespread public outcry. The Nation of Islam, which had sent a message of condolence to the Kennedy family and ordered its ministers not to comment on the assassination, publicly censured their former shining star. Malcolm X retained his post and rank as minister but was prohibited from public speaking for 90 days. Malcolm X had by now become a media favorite, and some Nation members believed he was a threat to Elijah Muhammad's leadership. Publishers had shown interest in Malcolm X's autobiography, and when Louis Lomax wrote his 1963 book about the Nation, When the Word Is Given, he used a photograph of Malcolm X on the cover. He also reproduced five of his speeches but featured only one of Muhammad's, which greatly upset Muhammad. After December 4, 1963, Malcolm X and his family came and got their mother, Louise Little, from the mental hospital. 

On January 6, 1965, Malcolm went to Phoenix to meet with Elijah Muhammad, who ordered him to "put out the fire you've started" about the leader's accused adultery. Malcolm was also removed as the Nation's national representative and as minister of the Harlem Temple No. 7. In that meeting, Malcolm X met with John Ali and Raymond Sharrieff. By January 14, 1965, Malcolm X met with the liberal Republican Alex Haley (a writer for Reader's Digest) at the International Hotel outside of Kennedy Airport. By January 15, 1965, Malcolm X visited Muhammad Ali for a week's vacation at his fight camp in Miami, Florida. Their friendship was more strained after the meeting. Malcolm X told sports reporters that he will be reinstated with the N.O.I. in ninety days, although he believed that the case to be otherwise. Then, he returned to New York City from a week's vacation with the family at Muhammad Ali's home in Miami, Florida. The rift grows between Malcolm X and Elijah Muhammad by February 10, 1965. On March 6, 1965, Malcolm X was issued a summons for speeding on the Triborough Bridge. 

Malcolm X tried to go back to the Nation of Islam but to no avail. Malcolm X knew that he time with the Nation of Islam was over. He learned so much in the Nation of Islam, but sometimes a man has to grow on his own. So, Malcolm X made the decision to leave the N.O.I. for many reasons. By February 1965, a former assistant to Malcolm X at Mosque No. 7 told Malcolm X that he has been asked by a mosque official to wire Malcolm X's car with a bomb. This escalates the tension, and Malcolm X knows that some members of the NOI are threatening his life, but Malcolm X shows courage to keep on living his life. 

Leaving the Nation of Islam

On March 8, 1964, Malcolm X publicly announced his break from the Nation of Islam. Though still a Muslim, he felt that the Nation had "gone as far as it can" because of its rigid teachings. He said he was planning to organize a Black nationalist organization to "heighten the political consciousness" of African Americans. In other words, Malcolm X believed that the Nation of Islam didn't go far enough to have a political action program to liberate black Americans from racism and all forms of oppression. He also expressed a desire to work with other civil rights leaders, saying that Elijah Muhammad had prevented him from doing so in the past. The New York Times reported on this reality. Malcolm X wanted to have a total independence, and he converted to Sunni Islam. After leaving the Nation of Islam, Malcolm X founded Muslim Mosque, Inc. (MMI), which is a religious organization. He also created the Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAA) which is a secular group (filled with black people of every stripe) that advocated Pan-Africanism. By March 9, 1965, Malcolm X met with E. Grant and J. Warden to discuss about the creation of Muslim Mosque Incorporated (MMI). An informant reported that Elijah Muhammad has ordered Malcolm X to surrender his home, car, both of which are owned by the N.O.I. On March 9, 1964, Malcolm X was interviewed by  Joe Durso of the New York WNDT-TV Channel 13 new program The World at Ten from 10:00 - 10:30 P.M., Channel 13 in New York; talked about split with Elijah Muhammad. On the same day, Malcolm X told Ebony magazine that the Black Muslim leaders have "got to kill me. They can't afford to let me live. . . I know where the bodies are buried. And if they press me, I'll exhume some." A telegram from the NOI wants Malcolm X to return all NOI property, including the house in East Elmhurst. By March 11, 1964, Malcolm X sent a telegram to Elijah Muhammad stating that actions are necessary because of pressures from within the NOI. Malcolm X releases a copy of the telegram to the press. On March 12, 1964, Malcolm X called for a 11:00 A.M., press conference at Park Sheraton Hotel, at which he issued a copy of his March 8 statement and his March 11 telegram to Elijah Muhammad. He held a press conference in Tapestry Suite of Park Sheraton Hotel, New York. The audience of six hears Malcolm X read a prepared statement and a telegram he sent to Elijah Muhammad on March 11. He announced a restricted meeting at 8:30 PM on March 15 at the George Washington Carver Club in New York. By March 16, 1965, Malcolm X plead not guilty for the speeding violation. Malcolm X spoke at Harvard University Leverette House Forum on March 18, 1965. A.B. Spellman interviewed Malcolm X on March 19, 1965. 

On March 26, 1964, he briefly met Martin Luther King Jr. for the first and only time‍—‌and only long enough for photographs to be taken‍—‌in Washington, D.C., as both men attended the Senate's debate on the Civil Rights bill at the U.S. Capitol building. In April, Malcolm X gave a speech titled "The Ballot or the Bullet", in which he advised African Americans to exercise their right to vote wisely but cautioned that if the government continued to prevent African Americans from attaining full equality, it might be necessary for them to take up arms in the realm of self-defense. In the weeks after he left the Nation of Islam, several Sunni Muslims encouraged Malcolm X to learn about their faith. He soon converted to the Sunni faith. On April 3, Malcolm X delivered his historic The Ballet of the Bullet speech at symposium sponsored by CORE (Congress of Racial Equality). He also debated Louis Lomax in Cleveland. By April 8, 1965, Malcolm X gave The Black Revolution speech at the Militant Labor Forum. Malcolm X gave the Ballot or the Bullet speech again on April 12, 1965. On that day, he gave a MMI rally and preparing for a three-week African tour. On April 13, Malcolm X goes to Frankfurt, Germany (he leaves under the name of Malik El-Shabazz). 

The Hajj

Malcolm X went to the Hajj in Mecca on the date of April 19, 1964. He had financial help to travel overseas from his half-sister Ella Little-Collins. He flew to Jeddah, Saudi Arabia as the start of his Hajj. The pilgrimage to Mecca is obligatory for every Muslim who is able to do so. Malcolm X was delayed in Jeddah when his U.S. citizenship and inability to speak Arabic caused his status as a Muslim to be questioned. He had received Abdul Rahman Hassan Azzam's book The Eternal Message of Muhammad with his visa approval, and he contacted the author. Azzam's son arranged for his release and lent him his personal hotel suite. The next morning Malcolm X learned that Prince Faisal had designated him as a state guest. Several days later, after completing the Hajj rituals, Malcolm X had an audience with the prince. Malcolm X later said that seeing Muslims of "all colors, from blue-eyed blonds to Black-skinned Africans," interacting as equals led him to see Islam as a means by which racial problems could be overcome. Slavery in Saudi Arabia had been abolished only two years before his visit to Saudi Arabia, and his portrayal of racial harmony in the Arabic world was a reply to the widespread criticism of African chattel slavery in Saudi Arabia from the African-American press in the US. In radio interviews later on, Malcolm X condemned racism done by some Arabic people against black African people in Sudan and other places. Malcolm X wrote a note to his wife Betty Shabazz on April 20, 1964, about his experiences in Mecca and his transformation in the following terms:

"...Never have I witnessed such sincere hospitality and the overwhelming spirit of true brotherhood as practiced by people of all colors and races here in this Ancient Holy Land, the home of Abraham, Muhammad and all other prophets of the Holy Scriptures. For the past week, I have been utterly speechless and spellbound by the graciousness I see displayed all around me by people of all colors. I have been blessed to visit the Holy City of Mecca. I have made my seven circuits around the Ka’ba, led by a young Mutawaf named Muhammad. I drank water from the well of Zem Zem. I ran seven times back and forth between the hills of Mt. Al-Safa and Al-Marwah. I have prayed in the ancient city of Mina, and I have prayed on Mt. Arafat. There were tens of thousands of pilgrims, from all over the world. They were of all colors, from blue-eyed blonds to black skin Africans. But we were all participating in the same rituals, displaying a spirit of unity and brotherhood that my experiences in America had lead me to believe never could exist between the white and non-white. America needs to understand Islam, because this is the one religion that erases from its society the race problem.

Throughout my travels in the Muslim world, I have met, talked to, and even eaten with people who in America would have considered ‘white’— but the ‘white’ attitude was removed from their minds by the religion of Islam. I have never before seen sincere and true brotherhood practiced by all colors together, irrespective of their color.

You may be shocked by these words coming from me. But on this pilgrimage, what I have seen, and experienced, has forced me to re-arrange much of my thought patterns previously held, and to toss aside some of my previous conclusions. This was not too difficult for me. Despite my firm convictions, I have always been a man who tries to face facts, and to accept the reality of life as new experiences and new knowledge unfolds it. I have always kept an open mind, which is necessary to the flexibility that must go hand in hand with every form of intelligent search for truth. During the past eleven days here in the Muslim world, I have eaten from the same plate, drunk from the same glass, and slept in the same bed, (or on the same rug)—while praying to the same God—with fellow Muslims, whose eyes were the bluest of blue, whose hair was the blondest of blond, and whose skin was the whitest of white. And in the same words and in the actions and in the deeds of the ‘white’ Muslims, I felt the same sincerity that I felt among the black African Muslims of Nigeria, Sudan and Ghana.

We were truly all the same (brothers)—because their belief in one God had removed the ‘white’ from their minds, the ‘white’ from their behavior, and the ‘white’ from their attitude. I could see from this, that perhaps if white Americans could accept the Oneness of God, then perhaps, too, they could accept in reality the Oneness of Man—and cease to measure, and hinder, and harm others in terms of their differences in color. With racism plaguing America like an incurable cancer, the so-called ‘Christian’ white American heart should be more receptive to a proven solution to such a destructive problem. Perhaps it could be in time to save America from imminent disaster—the same destruction brought upon Germany by racism that eventually destroyed the Germans themselves.

Each hour here in the Holy Land enables me to have greater spiritual insights into what is happening in America between black and white. The American Negro never can be blamed for his racial animosities—he is only reacting to four hundred years of conscious racism of the American whites. But as racism leads America up the suicide path, I do believe, from the experience that I have had with them, that the whites of the younger generation, in the colleges and universities, will see the handwriting on the wall and many of them will turn to the spiritual path of truth—the only way left to America to ward off the disaster that racism inevitably must lead to.

Never have I been so highly honored. Never have I been made to feel more humble and unworthy. Who would believe the blessings that have been heaped upon an American Negro? A few nights ago, a man who would be called in America a ‘white’ man, a United Nations diplomat, an ambassador, a companion of kings, gave me his hotel suite, his bed. By this man, His Excellency Prince Faisal who rules this Holy Land, was made aware of my presence here in Jedda. The very next morning, Prince Faisal’s son, in person, informed me that by the will and decree of his esteemed father, I was to be a State Guest. The deputy Chief of Protocol himself took me before the Hajj Court. His Holiness Sheikh Muhammad Harkon himself okayed my visit to Mecca. His Holiness gave me two books on Islam, with his personal seal and autograph, and he told me that he prayed that I would be a successful preacher of Islam in America. A car, a driver, and a guide, have been placed at my disposal, making it possible for me to travel about this Holy Land almost at will. The government provides air conditioned quarters and servants in each city that I visit. Never would I have even thought of dreaming that I would ever be a recipient of such honors—honors that in America would be bestowed upon a King—not a Negro. All praise is due to Allah, the Lord of all the Worlds.

Sincerely, El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz (Malcolm X)."

 

Ideological Transformation

Malcolm X had an ideological transformation to witness many Muslims of all colors worshiping Allah in Mecca. Malcolm X believed that he would judge a person by conscious behavior, not by skin color. He said that he is not a racist, and he rejects the tenets of racism. By April 21, 1964, Malcolm X was honored as a guest of the state by Saudi Arabia's Prince Faisal. On April 30, 1964, Malcolm X flew to speak at the Sudanese Cultural Center at Beirut. He comes to Cairo, travels by rail to Alexandria, and he boards an airplane to Nigeria. He stays in Nigeria until May 6, 1964. Malcolm X came to Lagos, Nigeria. He appears on many Nigerian radio and television programs until May 10, 1964. By May 8, the New York Times reported on the letter written by Malcolm X when he was in Africa. The article caption was "Malcolm X Pleased by White Attitude on Trip to Mecca." On May 8, 1964, Malcolm X spoke at Ibadan University which was sponsored by the National Union of Nigerian Students. There was an enthusiastic audience of about 500 people who attended his speech. Malcolm X sent a letter from Lagos, Nigeria. He flies to Accra Ghana, invited by the Marxist Forum, a new student organization at the University of Ghana. Malcolm x sent a letter from Accra, Ghana on May 11, 1964. he goes to a press conference at Press Club in Accra on the next day. On March 13, 1964, Malcolm X spoke at the Marxist Forum, University of Ghana at Legon "Will Africa Ignite America's Racial Power Keg." Malcolm X tours and lectures in Accra, Ghana plus addressed the Ghanian Parliament on May 14. Malcolm X met with President Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana on March 15th. Malcolm X said that this meeting was very important in Africa. He addressed 200 students at the Kwame Nkrumah Ideological Institute in Winneba. Malcolm X on May 17 flies to Monrovia, Liberia, then to Dakar, Senegal, and from there to Morocco. One thing about Malcolm X is he is literally traveling the world in a short span of time. By May 17, 1964, Malcolm X met Muhammad Ali in a Hotel in Accra, Ghana. The meeting is awkward, because Muhammad Ali expressed continued loyalty to Elijah Muhammad. May 19, 1964, was when he celebrates his 39th birthday. He goes to Algiers. There is a warrant issued for his arrest at 12:30 P.M. for failing to appear on May 19 trial for a speeding summons. 

This was a rare picture of Malcolm X, Maya Angelou, Julian Mayfield, Sylvia Boone, and others in Africa. Malcolm X established a more international perspective in life as a result of him traveling into Africa and other places.

By May 21, 1964, Malcolm X returned to New York City from his visits to Egypt, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Liberia, Senegal, Nigeria, Ghana, arriving at New York's Kennedy International Airport. By May 23, he debated Louis Lomax in Chicago; on "The Negro Revolt," during which Malcolm X stated that he has somewhat changed his mind regarding the white man. Appears on "Kup's Show" on Channel 7 in Chicago; states that many whites want to help the struggle of black people. Malcolm X on May 29, 1964, Malcolm X spoke at the Militant Labor Force's "The Harlem Hate Gang Scare." By June 6, 1964, Malcolm X is interviewed by radio station WDAS in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania about his break with the N.O.I. In June 7, 1964, the Muslim Mosque Incorporated sponsored a public rally at the Audubon Ballroom in New York City. In an answer to question from the audience, Malcolm X publicly stated that Elijah Muhammad is the father of six illegitimate children. Later, Malcolm X was on CBS on June 8, 1964, that six women are involved in the Elijah Muhammad scandal. On the same day, on the "Barry Gray Show" at 11:40 P.M. on radio station WMCA in New York, states that he makes no distinction between Governor Wallace of Alabama and President Johnson. Malcolm X said that there are some good white people on The Mike Wallace Program at 11 pm. on June 9, 1964. On a program, an anonymous caller at 1:40 pm. said that Malcolm X will be "bumped off." Malcolm X received more threats against his life as time went onward. By June 12, 1964, he was interviewed on WEEI (Boston) radio program, "Conversation for Peace," from 2:40 to 5:00 P.M.; states that he broke with the NOI because of moral problem; he also speaks about Elijah Muhammad's illegitimate children. Malcolm X spoke on WMEX (Boston) radio program from 10:00 P.M., to 1:00 A.M. 

On June 15, 1964, there is an escalation of the tension between Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam. On that date, the N.O.I. eviction trial against Malcolm X ended at 1:30 pm. 10 MMI members and 50 N.O.I. members are present, but no incidents occur. Malcolm X doesn't request police protection. On June 16, 1964, the New York Herald Tribune reported that Malcolm X is under protection of police and bodyguards because of anonymous telephone threats to wire service and newspaper that he would be shot if he appeared in court for his eviction trial; nevertheless, Malcolm X testified at Queens County Civil Court. Eviction trial ends at 1:30 P.M.; judge reserves sentence. Malcolm X was on the Long Nebel radio Show on June 20, 1965. By June 21, 1964, Malcolm X called the Civil Rights bill a farce and talked about the growth of his new group, the Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU). This time saw the evolution of Malcolm X talking about human rights beyond just civil rights. On Bob Kennedy's Boston radio show on June 25, Malcolm X said that the struggle for civil rights is a struggle for human rights. By June 26, 1964, the New York Post published an open letter from Malcolm X to Elijah Muhammad calling for an end of hostilities between them.

On June 28, 1964, Malcolm X announced the creation of the OAAU (Organization of Afro-American Unity), which will be committed to doing "whatever is necessary to bring the Negro struggle from the level of civil rights to the level of human rights. By June 30, 1964, Malcolm X sent a telegram to Dr. Martin Luther King and SNCC (the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) about the Saint Augustine attacks. Malcolm X offered assistance on behalf of civil rights movement; states that "on King's word" he would send some brothers to give the KKK "a taste of its own medicine." On that date, he spoke in Omaha, Nebraska with respect to other black civil rights groups. He wanted the OAAU to being the black freedom struggle from civil rights to human rights. On July 3, 1964, there are reports to police about a possible case of assault and battery against Malcolm X by two black men at 11:30 pm. in front of his house in East Elmhusrt. The police guard his home until 4 pm. the next day. Malcolm X talked on a WLIB radio panel with George Goodman, George Schuyler, and Allan Morrison on July 4, 1964. On July 5, four black men with knives approach Malcolm X in front of his home as he steps into his car. So, Malcolm X faced drama from jealous cowards in front of his home. Malcolm X spoke at a 2nd OAAU rally on July 5th too. By July 6th, using the name of Malik El-Shabazz, Malcolm X purchases one-way ticket to Cairo via London for departure on July 9. On July 7th, there are reports to the police in NYC that an attempt on his life was made that day. By July 9, 1964, Malcolm X left NYC to Cairo via London under the name of Malik El-Shabazz; stays overseas until 11-24-64. 

On July 17, 1964, Malcolm met with the Rector of Al Axhar University in Cairo, Sheik Abdel Rahman Tag, Attends African Summit Conference as representative of the OAAU; appeals to the delegates of the thirty-four African nations to bring the cause of the twenty-two million black people in the United States before the United Nations. Distributes a press release on OAAU letterhead on behalf of twenty-two million Afican Americans in the United States. Malcolm X addressed more than 600 Muslim students at a banquet in Alexandria, Egypt on August 4th. These students represent 73 African and Asian countries. He spoke on the OAAU in Cairo, Egypt on August 17, 1964. In New York, Civil Court Judge Maurice Wahl issued and order (on September 1, 1964) that Malcolm X must vacate residence in East Elmhurst by January 31, 1965. By September 2, 1964, Assistant Attorney General Yeagley requested that Hoover investigate Malcolm X's actions to see whether they violate the Logan Act. "I'm Talking To You, White Man: An Autobiography by Malcolm X" was printed in the Saturday Evening Post on September 12, 1964. During September 1964, Malcolm X continues to tour Africa. By mid October, he has visited eleven heads of state, and addressed most of their parliaments; for another five weeks he will continue his tour "to better acquaint himself with the problems facing the continent," as he says in a speech in Lagos. Malcolm X addressed 500-600 people students in Addis Ababa by October 3, 1964. 

On October 16, 1964, Attorney General Lefkowitz requests that Yeagley use contacts in U.S. government to locate Malcolm X, so he can testify in a New York NOI trial. On October 18, Malcolm X flown from Dar es Salaam to Kenya with Kenyan President Jomo Kenyatta and Ugandan Milton Obote. Malcolm X met with Babu in Dar as Salaam, Tanzania. He sees that factionalism is a serious problem in Africa when he visits Lagos by October 29. He left Conakry, French West Africa on November 13. He spoke in Paris, France by November 23, 1964. November 24, 1964 was when Malcolm X came back to New York City at 6:41 pm., greeted by 60 MMI and OAAU members. Malcolm X was on WMCA, the Barry Gray Show panel to discuss the crisis in Congo. By November 11, 1964, she spoke at the OAAU homecoming rally. He said that he will travel to London and Oxford. By November 30, 1964, he flown to London for an Oxford Union debate on December 3; he speaks for the motion that "extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice, moderation in pursuit of justice is no virtue." Malcolm X debated his views at Oxford University in England by December 3, 1964. By December 7, 1964, Captain Raymond Sharrieff of the N.O.I. issued a threat to Malcolm X. Malcolm X spoke at HARYOU (Harlem Youth Opportunities Unlimited) Act Forum in Harlem. HARYOU back then helped young people in Harlem to have economic and job opportunities. Five hundred people attend the OAAU rally on December 12 with Dick Gregory, Babu, and he read a message from Che Guervara. Malcolm spoke to the Harvard Law School Forum on December 16 and at the OAAU rally with Fannie Lou Hammer on African naturla resources on December 20. Malcolm X supproted the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party at the Harlem rally too. He speaks at another OAAU rally on December 27, and was on Community Corner Radio Program with Bernier Bass on the same day. 

On the "Les Crane Television Show" in New York, Malcolm X advocates armed self-defense on December 28, and Amilah was born (or Malcolm X's fourth daughter) on December 31, 1964. On New Year's Day 1965, He urged young people to "think for yourself" in speech at the Hotel Theresa in Harlem to a SNCC sponsored group of high school students from McComb, Mississippi. Malcolm X spoke at another OAAU rally in January 3, 1965. 

By January 7, 1965, Malcolm spoke at the Militant Labor Forum "Prospects for Freedom in 1965" and at a OAAU rally on January 10. He registered at the Hilton Hotel in New York City on January 12, 1965, under M. Khalil, during massive surveillance by the FBI and the NYPD. Malcolm X speaks at another OAAU rally on January 17. Malcolm X gave an interview on January 18, 1965, where he opposed capitalism and the Vietnam War. This was in an interview with Jack Barnes and Barry Sheppard, leaders of the Young Socialist Alliance (YSA); Malcolm X will approve final text before it appears in the March/April issue of Young Socialist. Here are Malcolm X's own words in criticizing the Vietnam War and capitalism back on January 18, 1965:

"... same thing. It shows the real ignorance of those who control the American power structure. If France, with all types of heavy arms, as deeply entrenched as she was in what then was called Indochina, couldn’t stay there, I don’t see how anybody in their right mind can think the U.S. can get in there — it’s impossible. So it shows her ignorance, her blindness, her lack of foresight and hindsight and her complete defeat in South Vietnam is only a matter of time."

"...It is impossible for capitalism to survive, primarily because the system of capitalism needs some blood to suck. Capitalism used to be like an eagle, but now it’s more like a vulture. It used to be strong enough to go and suck anybody’s blood whether they were strong or not. But now it has become more cowardly, like the vulture, and it can only suck the blood of the helpless. As the nations of the world free themselves, then capitalism has less victims, less to suck, and it becomes weaker and weaker. It’s only a matter of time in my opinion before it will collapse completely."

Pierre Berton interviewed Malcolm X in his television show in Toronto, Canada on January 19, 1965, where he promotes equality. He speaks at an OAAU rally by January 24, 1965, about African American History and black history from ancient Egypt to modern black civilizations. He does a Dartmouth College Radio WDCR interview in Hanover, NH on January 26 and a radio interview with Harry Ring on WBAI in New York. 

Now, we are close to the end of Malcolm X's life. Malcolm X on January 28th, he flown to Los Angeles and meets with attorney Gladys Towles Root and two former NOI secretaries who are filing paternity suits against Elijah Muhammad. By January 29, he testified before the Illinois Attorney General, who is investigating NOI activities. In Chicago, he recorded words with Kup's Show that aired early the next morning. He gave another Ballot or the Bullet speech at the OAAU rally in January 31, 1965. By February 4, 1965, Malcolm X traveled to Selma, Alabama, where the SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference) is involved in a campaign for blacks' voting rights; speaks at Brown's Chapel AME Church. At Selma, Malcolm X talked to Coretta Scott King to reassure her that he doesn't want to have tensions with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. He told her that he wanted to be there to allow people to see the alterative, so the public can support Dr. King's movement for voting rights more in Alabama. IN a speech to young people in Selma, Malcolm X said the following words, 

"...I pray that God will bless you in everything that you do. I pray that you will grow intellectually, so that you can understand the problems of the world and where you fit into, in that world picture. And I pray that all the fear that has ever been in your heart will be taken out, and when you look at that man, if you know he’s nothing but a coward, you won’t fear him. If he wasn’t a coward, he wouldn’t gang up on you. He wouldn’t need to sneak around here. [Applause] This is how they function. They function in mobs — that’s a coward. They put on a sheet so you won’t know who they are — that’s a coward. No! The time will come when that sheet will be ripped off. If the federal government doesn’t take it off, we’ll take it off...."

By February 5, 1965, Malcolm left for London at 8:11 pm., with a ticket for Paris, Geneva, and back to New York City. He goes to England by February 7th. He addressed the First Congress of the Council of African Organizations in London by February 8, 1965. By February 9, 1965, Malcolm X goes to Paris but is refused entry by the French government officials. He goes back to London. Malcolm X said that he didn't know that the French government was a satellite of the U.S. government. In London, he gave the speech called "The oppressed masses of the world cry out for action against the common oppressor" at the London School of Economics on February 11, 1965. He goes back to New York City on February 13, 1965. 

On February 14, 1965 at 2:46 am. (early morning), cowards firebombed Malcolm X's home in East Elmhurst. Malcolm X had his rifle to defend his family. We know who did it. His family is safe at a neighbor's home. On that day, Malcolm X flies to Detroit at 9:30 A.M., Registers at Statler Hilton Hotel in Detroit at 11:30 A.M. Interviewed by WYXZ-TV at 4:00 P.M., address the First Annual Dignity Projection and Scholarship Award ceremony sponsored by the Afro-American Broadcasting and Recording Company at the Ford Auditorium: it is Malcolm's last major speech (morning). Speaks at Detroit rally. By this time, Malcolm X became more international and believed in black nationalism but realized that a global framework must exist to cause freedom for black people. He started to be more progressive ideologically. He speaks in Harlem, NYC. By February 15, 1965, 600 people attended the OAAU rally from 8:15 -10:15 P.M., at Audubon Ballroom; Benjamin X opens; Malcolm X speaks of February 14 firebombing and NOI conspiracy with KKK. Malcolm X in that speech accuses the NYPD of infiltrating the N.O.I. and accused the Klan of working with members of the Nation of Islam on certain projects. In that speech, he said the following words, 

"...In 1960, in December, in December of 1960, I was in the home of Jeremiah, the minister in Atlanta, Georgia. I’m ashamed to say it, but I’m going to tell you the truth. I sat at the table myself with the heads of the Ku Klux Klan. I sat there myself, with the heads of the Ku Klux Klan, who at that time were trying to negotiate with Elijah Muhammad so that they could make available to him a large area of land in Georgia or I think it was South Carolina. They had some very responsible persons in the government who were involved in it and who were willing to go along with it. They wanted to make this land available to him so that his program of separation would sound more feasible to Negroes and therefore lessen the pressure that the integrationists were putting upon the white man. I sat there. I negotiated it. I listened to their offer. And I was the one who went back to Chicago and told Elijah Muhammad what they had offered. Now, this was in December of 1960. The code name that Jeremiah gave the Klan leader was 666. Whenever they would refer to him they would refer to him as Old Six. What his name was right now escapes me. But they even sat there and told stories how—what they had done on different escapades that they had been involved in. Jeremiah was there and his wife was there and I was there and the Klan was there..."

"...And, since tonight we had to get into this old nasty, negative subject, we didn’t want to bring up our program. We’re going to have a rally here this coming Sunday at two o’clock in the afternoon, at two o’clock—is it two o’clock Brother Ruben? Two o’clock. At two o’clock, at it which time we will give you the program of the Organization of Afro-American Unity; what our aims are, our objectives are, what our program is, whether or not you want to be identified with it, and what active part you can play in helping us to straighten Harlem out. Nobody’s going to straighten out Harlem but us. Nobody cleans up your house for you. You have to clean it up yourself. it Harlem is our house; we’ll clean it up. But when we clean it up, we’ll also control it. We’ll control the politics. We’ll control the economy. We’ll control the school system and see that our people get a break...."

From that day onward the Klan never interfered with the Black Muslim movement in the South. Jeremiah attended Klan rallies, as you read on the front page of the New York Tribune. They never bothered him, never touched him. He never touched a Muslim, and a Muslim never touched him. Elijah Muhammad would never let me go back down since January of 1961. I never went South, as long as I remained in the Black Muslim movement, again, from January of 1961, because most of the actions the Muslims got involved in was action that I was involved in myself. Wherever it happened in the country, where there was an action, it was action that I was involved in, because I believed in action. I never have gone along with no Ku Klux Klan.

And another one that he had made a deal with was this man Rockwell. Rockwell and Elijah Muhammad are regular correspondents with each other. You can hate me for telling you this, but I’m going to tell it to you. Rockwell attended the rally because Elijah Muhammad put the okay on it. And Sharrieff, the captain of the FOI, and I had discussed it, wondering why Rockwell could come to our meeting because it didn’t help us. But Elijah Muhammad said let him in, so he had to be let in. No one questioned what Elijah Muhammad said. Now, if you doubt that this is true, you get all of the back issues of Muhammad Speaks newspaper and you will find articles in it about the Ku Klux Klan actually praising him. Jeremiah interviewed—I think it was—J.B. Stoner for the Muslim newspaper, and the old devil even gave him a contribution that he reported about in that paper. Sure he did..."

This is breaking news, and Malcolm X was brave to not back down from his beliefs. February 18, 1965 was when Malcolm X was evicted from his home. His family moves their belonings at 1 pm. He is interviwed on WINS radio with Aubrey Barnett and other people. On February 19, 1965, Malcolm X told interviewer Gordon Parks that the Nation of Islam was actively trying to kill him. 

By February 20, 1965, Malcolm X had strong intuitions that it was the end. On that day, in a telephone conversation with Alex Haley, Malcolm says that "the more I keep thinking about this thing, the things that have been happening lately, I'm not at all sure it's the Muslims. I know what they can do, and what they can't, and they can't do some of the stuff Recently going on. . . The more I keep thinking about what happened to me in France, I think I'm going to quit saying it's the Muslims." He was right as the CIA, the FBI, the NYPD, and other groups were illegally monitoring Malcolm X worldwide. The NYPD and the FBI had agents in the NOI and the OAAU in trying to stop the black freedom struggle. On February 20, 1965, after an OAAU business meeting in the evening, Malcolm refuses his friend Earl Grant's invitation to spend the night at his apartment: "You have a family," says Malcolm. "I don't want anyone hurt on my account. I always knew it would end like this."

The assassination of Malcolm X

On February 21, 1965, it was last day of the life of Malcolm X. It was a tragic day for humanity when a freedom fighter was murdered unjustly. The assassination took place on 3:10 pm. with his family in attendance (his wife and children). On February 21, 1965, he was preparing to address the OAAU in Manhattan's Audubon Ballroom when someone in the 400-person audience yelled, "N_____! Get your hand outta my pocket!" As Malcolm X and his bodyguards tried to quell the disturbance, a man rushed forward and shot him once in the chest with a sawed-off shotgun and two other men charged the stage firing semi-automatic handguns. Malcolm X was pronounced dead at 3:30 pm, shortly after arriving at Columbia Presbyterian Hospital. The autopsy identified 21 gunshot wounds to the chest, left shoulder, arms and legs, including ten buckshot wounds from the initial shotgun blast. One gunman, Nation of Islam member Talmadge Hayer (also known as Thomas Hagan), was beaten by the crowd before police arrived. Witnesses identified the other gunmen as Nation members Norman 3X Butler and Thomas 15X Johnson. All three were convicted of murder in March 1966 and sentenced to life in prison.

At trial, Hayer confessed, but refused to identify the other assailants except to assert that they were not Butler and Johnson. In 1977 and 1978, he signed affidavits reasserting Butler's and Johnson's innocence, naming four other Nation members of Newark's Mosque No. 25 as participants in the murder or its planning. These affidavits did not result in the case being reopened.

Butler, today known as Muhammad Abdul Aziz, was paroled in 1985 and became the head of the Nation's Harlem Mosque in 1998; he maintains his innocence. In prison Johnson, who changed his name to Khalil Islam, rejected the Nation's teachings and converted to Sunni Islam. Released in 1987, he maintained his innocence until his death in August 2009. Hayer, who also rejected the Nation's teachings while in prison and converted also to Sunni Islam, is known today as Mujahid Halim. He was paroled in 2010. In 2021, Muhammad Abdul Aziz and Khalil Islam (formerly Norman 3X Butler and Thomas 15X Johnson) were exonerated from their murder convictions, following a review that found the FBI and the New York Police Department withheld key evidence during the trial. On July 14, 2022, Aziz filed suit in the U.S. District Court in Brooklyn against the City of New York, seeking $40 million in damages related to his wrongful imprisonment. Les Payne and Tamara Payne, in their Pulitzer Prize winning biography The Dead Are Arising: The Life of Malcolm X, claim that the assassins were members of the Nation of Islam's Newark, New Jersey mosque: William 25X (also known as William Bradley), who fired the shotgun; Leon Davis; and Thomas Hayer.

Ossie Davis's Eulogy

The public viewing, February 23–26 1965, at Unity Funeral Home in Harlem, was attended by some 14,000 to 30,000 mourners. For the funeral on February 27, loudspeakers were set up for the overflow crowd outside Harlem's thousand-seat Faith Temple of the Church of God in Christ, and a local television station carried the service live. Among the civil rights leaders attending were John Lewis, Bayard Rustin, James Forman, James Farmer, Jesse Gray, and Andrew Young.

Ossie Davis delivered a eulogy at the funeral of Malcolm X on February 27, 1965. Davis said that Malcolm X was one of Harlem's brightest hopes, and that he talked to all of us, encouraging black men to stand up and be men (and advocated for freedom for black people in general). Ossie Davis wanted to refute the misconceptions and outright lies about Malcolm X. Malcolm X wasn't a racist as he reacted to the oppression of racism in society. He was a freedom fighter. Here are the following words of Ossie Davis's eulogy

“Here – at this final hour, in this quiet place – Harlem has come to bid farewell to one of its brightest hopes -extinguished now and gone from us forever. For Harlem is where he worked and where he struggled and fought – his home of homes, where his heart was, and where his people are – and it is, therefore, most fitting that we meet once again – in Harlem – to share these last moments with him. For Harlem has ever been gracious to those who have loved her, have fought her, and have defended her honor even to the death.

It is not in the memory of man that this beleaguered, unfortunate, but nonetheless proud community has found a braver, more gallant young champion than this Afro-American who lies before us – unconquered still. I say the word again, as he would want me to : Afro-American – Afro-American Malcolm, who was a master, was most meticulous in his use of words. Nobody knew better than he the power words have over minds of men. Malcolm had stopped being a ‘Negro’ years ago. It had become too small, too puny, too weak a word for him. Malcolm was bigger than that. Malcolm had become an Afro-American and he wanted – so desperately – that we, that all his people, would become Afro-Americans too.

There are those who will consider it their duty, as friends of the Negro people, to tell us to revile him, to flee, even from the presence of his memory, to save ourselves by writing him out of the history of our turbulent times. Many will ask what Harlem finds to honor in this stormy, controversial and bold young captain – and we will smile. Many will say turn away – away from this man, for he is not a man but a demon, a monster, a subverter and an enemy of the black man – and we will smile. They will say that he is of hate – a fanatic, a racist – who can only bring evil to the cause for which you struggle! And we will answer and say to them : Did you ever talk to Brother Malcolm? Did you ever touch him, or have him smile at you? Did you ever really listen to him? Did he ever do a mean thing? Was he ever himself associated with violence or any public disturbance? For if you did you would know him. And if you knew him you would know why we must honor him.

Malcolm was our manhood, our living, black manhood! This was his meaning to his people. And, in honoring him, we honor the best in ourselves. Last year, from Africa, he wrote these words to a friend: ‘My journey’, he says, ‘is almost ended, and I have a much broader scope than when I started out, which I believe will add new life and dimension to our struggle for freedom and honor and dignity in the States. I am writing these things so that you will know for a fact the tremendous sympathy and support we have among the African States for our Human Rights struggle. The main thing is that we keep a United Front wherein our most valuable time and energy will not be wasted fighting each other.’ However we may have differed with him – or with each other about him and his value as a man – let his going from us serve only to bring us together, now.

Consigning these mortal remains to earth, the common mother of all, secure in the knowledge that what we place in the ground is no more now a man – but a seed – which, after the winter of our discontent, will come forth again to meet us. And we will know him then for what he was and is – a Prince – our own black shining Prince! – who didn’t hesitate to die, because he loved us so.”

Passing the Torch (Malcolm X's Daughters and other Activists)

To understand the legacy of Malcolm X, you have to realize that the torch has been passed from Malcolm X to her daughters. He and Betty Shabbazz had six daughters who are Attallah, Qubilah, Ilyasah, Gamilah Lumumba, Malikah, and Malaak. Ilyasah Shabazz is one daughter of Malcolm X who has been an author, community organizer, social activist, and motivational speaker for decades. She was born on July 22, 1962. She is known to have written the memoir titled Growing Up X. She earned her own BA from State University at New Paltz (BA) and Fordham University (MA). She was born in Brooklyn, New York. Later, she was raised in Mount Vernon, New York which is a suburb of New York City (north of the Bronx. Many of my cousins live in Mount Vernon, New York). She lived a fairly middle class and later was part of the Black Student Union in college. She is a devout Muslim who made the pilgrimage to Mecca or the hajj, in 2006 as her father did in 1964 and her mother did in 1965. She is the trustee for the Malcolm X and Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center, the Malcolm X Foundation, and the Harlem Symphony Orchestra. As of 2017, she is an adjunct professor at John Jay College of Criminal Justice. She lives in New Rochelle, New York. Betty Shabazz was a great social activist in her own right. Tons of activists today carry on the torch from Malcolm X by being against imperialism, opposing genocide, being leaders, standing up against injustice, and supporting human rights. Life is an interesting road, and it is important to reject distractions. We will focus on real issues like education, literacy, climate change, tariffs, infrastructure, medicine, government relations, foreign policy, inventions, tackling poverty, etc. The Malcolm X Memorial Foundation found in Omaha, Nebraska work hard every day to stand up for our freedom. It was created in 1971 by Rowena Moore as a memorial for the birth site of El Hajj Malik El Shabazz. Members work in civic engagement, direct action, economic empowerment, scholarship and service, and liberation of the human spirit (as cited in their website). Members of the foundation consist of black people of diverse ages and generations with the common goal of seeing black people truly free. 

Pan-African Unity (Malcolm X's vision)

Malcolm X believed in Pan-African unity. Malcolm X didn't just oppose imperialism, colonialism, and capitalist exploitation. He also disagreed with the Vietnam War and wanted total global Pan-African unity. What is Pan-African Unity? That is about the growth and strengthening of social, political, and economic bonds of solidarity among people of black African descent worldwide. The African Diaspora is found globally even in Antarctica and the rest of the continents of the Earth. As for me, I was born and raised in North America, being a black American with distinct cultural traditions from an Afro-French person. Subsequently, there is nothing wrong with that. We can honor our cultural diversity along with recognizing our common humanity as black people, simultaneously.

First, it is important to acknowledge Africa as the origin of the African Diaspora. Africa is the Motherland of black people and of the human race. Africa has the most genetic diversity among the human race on Earth. Also, Africa has beaches, modern technological locations, activists, and numerous cultures. There are Bantu speaking people, the Nilotic people, Arabic people, Berbers, Chadic people, the San people, and other ethnic groups with their own religions, cuisine, music, and other aspects of their own cultural identities. North America has been filled with tons of people among the black African Diaspora. As Malcolm X has said, black people live globally. I am an African American. Our ancestors were brought into America as slaves from mostly West and Central Africa.  According to the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, the first African populations came to North America in the 16th century via Mexico and the Caribbean to the Spanish colonies of Florida, Texas and other parts of the South. Out of the 12 million people from Africa who were shipped to the Americas during the transatlantic slave trade, 645,000 were shipped to the British colonies on the North American mainland and the United States. In 2000, African Americans comprised 12.1 percent of the total population in the United States, constituting the largest racial minority group back then. Today, we have over 14 percent of the American popular being the second largest racial minority group in 2025. The African-American population is concentrated in the southern states and urban areas. From the 1500s, African Americans fought for freedom in America. We set up cultures from Florida to Virginia. There were numerous slave revolts when our ancestors fought for liberation from slavery. We fought in every American war since 1776, and we were contributors to the Union victory of the American Civil War. It ended in 1865. From Reconstruction, migrations, and to cultural excellence (with people like Harriet Tubman, John Lewis, Allyson Felix, Diana Ross, Ella Baker, Fannie Lou Hamer, Duke Ellington, Arrested Development, Gloria Richardson, Benjamin Banneker, and other heroes), we, who are black Americans, have shown heroism with our resiliency. 

The African Diaspora in North America spread into the Caribbean, Mexico, Canada, and other locations. This spread of culture caused North America to have massive diversity from African Americans using the Civil Rights Movement to inspire people of all background, the Afro-Canadians standing up for justice, the Afro-Caribbeans using their gifts to benefit humanity, and Afro-Mexicans asserting their human identity (following in the footsteps of their black ancestors).  The highest percentage of people of African descent in the States are Mississippi and Louisiana, which are major epicenters of the black freedom struggle. Many Afro-Canadians are descendants of Black Loyalists during the Revolutionary War, escapes using the Underground Railroad, and recent Afro-Caribbeans (from Deborah Cox, Tamia, etc.). We have black people in Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Cuba (as tons of Afro-Latinos live in the world), Jamaica, Trinidad, and other places in the Caribbean. 

South America has tons of black people. We know about the Afro-Brazilians. The Afro-Brazilians are fighting against police brutality, racism, sexism, colorism, and other injustices that we black people in the States are fighting. Black people in South America include politicians, scholars, athletes, musicians, and other people like Pele, Anderson Silva, Rebeca Andrade, Paula Lima, the track and field legend Marileidy Paulino.  There are many black people in Colombia fighting for human rights in this country. 

Black people in Europe have made tons of cultural diversity. Afro-British people have rose up to have great prominence in world society. Scholars have found Afro-British people spanning thousands of years. According to the Augustan History, North African Roman emperor Septimius Severus visited Hadrian's Wall in 210 A.D., where he was said to have been mocked by an Ethiopian soldier holding a garland of cypress-boughs. A girl buried at Updown, near Eastry in Kent in the early 7th century was found to have 33% of her DNA of West African type, most closely resembling Esan or Yoruba groups. In 2013, a skeleton was discovered in Fairford, Gloucestershire, which forensic anthropology revealed to be that of a Sub-Saharan African woman. Her remains have been dated between the years 896 and 1025. Local historians believe she was likely either a slave or a bonded servant. There were black people in the court of James IV of Scotland like Ellen More and other people. There have been social activists, actors, actresses, lawyers, religious clergy, and teachers living in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and other places. There are about 8 to 10 million black people in France and up to 1 million Afro-Germans.  Many black people live in Romania and Portugal too. Russia has black people too. 

In Asia, there are about 100,000 Afro-Turkish people. Many of them are from Niger, Sudan, Kenya, etc. There are the black Siddi people living in India and Pakistan. Many of them live in Sri Lanka too. There are black people in Israel and Palestine including Iraq. Many people don't know about the experiences of these human beings, but we won't sugarcoat a thing. Black people of African descent live all over the United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Iraq, ad other places of the Middle East and Northern Africa. For example, Omar Hawsawi is a black Saudi soccer player at the 2018 World Cup. Black people have worked in Antarctica. There are people of black sub-Saharan African descent living in Australia and the rest of Oceania too. There are those who consider Aboriginal people and other Oceanic people as part of the African Diaspora. What is the truth? The truth is those people are indigenous to those lands and are melanated people of color. Yet, they are not direct descents of sub-Saharan African people because they lived in those lands for thousands of years with different haplogroups than people of sub-Saharan black African people. Yet, there is always nothing wrong with people having alliance with these human beings in standing up for justice for all. The black African Diaspora is still here being power and black plus beautiful. 

 

The Legacy of Malcolm X

To understand the legacy of Malcolm X, you have to realize that the torch has been passed from Malcolm X to her daughters including other freedom fighters plus activists of the world. Malcolm El-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz X was a leader who wanted uncompromising justice for black people. He said that he desired life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness for all people. Malcolm X led a life filled with love of black people, inspiration and transformation ideologically and socially. Malcolm X lived from the early to late 20th century to witness the Civil Rights Movement and the Black Nationalist Movement to take shape. Many people don't know that Malcolm X was a boxer in his youth. He signed up to become a boxer at the age of 13 in 1937 and competed in the amateur bantamweight division. Later in life, he became a fan of boxing after meeting Muhammad Ali. Malcolm X's ideological views were in constant evolution. He was at first a hustler and a pimp. Later, he wanted black separatism while he was in the Nation of Islam. Even while he was in the N.O.I., he told many truths about exposing police brutality, honoring our black heritage (in appreciating what God made us to be with our beautiful black skin, our hair, our nose, and our lips. LIKE ALWAYS BLACK IS BEAUTIFUL), fighting for self-determination as a people, and abhorring oppression. Then, he left after learning about the allegations against Elijah Muhammad (to this very day, N.O.I. members strongly deny these disturbing allegations against Elijah Muhammad. Only God knows the whole truth). Malcolm X felt that the Nation of Islam didn't go far enough to fight for black liberation politically (beyond just using religiosity), and he had other political changes in his life too. After his final Hajj to Mecca in 1964, Malcolm X transformed his thinking to not generalize people and focus on black unity to defeat a Western power structure that was harming us and other people of color in the world. Malcolm X believed in equality for women. In Paris, Malcolm X said these words in promoting gender equality explicitly:

"...in every country you go to, usually the degree of progress can never be separated from the woman. If you’re in a country that’s progressive, the woman is progressive. If you’re in a country that reflects the consciousness toward the importance of education, it’s because the woman is aware of the importance of education. But in every backward country you’ll find the women are backward, and in every country where education is not stressed it’s because the women don’t have education. So one of the things I became thoroughly convinced of in my recent travels is the importance of giving freedom to the women, giving her education, and giving her the incentive to get out there and put the same spirit and understanding in her children. And I am frankly proud of the contributions that our women have made in the struggle for freedom and I’m one person who’s for giving them all the leeway possible because they’ve made a greater contribution than many of us men..."

He talked with fellow revolutionaries, he became a Pan-Africanist, and he rejected capitalism. By 1965, he was a revolutionary black nationalist and Pan-Africanist. Malcolm X wanted to go to the March 1965 Conference to stand up against imperialism. His assassination prevented him from achieving that goal. Yet, we are still here to admire Malcolm X's views and fight against the Western imperialist, capitalist sexist, xenophobic, pro-ecocide, and colonialist system, so all people (including black people) can be truly free. Malcolm X was a black freedom fighter whose legacy will live on forever and ever. 

By Timothy