There is the story of my 4th paternal cousin Michael Brian Trower who lived from May 15, 1979, in Cheriton, Virginia, to January 26, 2018. His parents are David and Sheila Trower. He was educated in the Northampton County Public School system, where he was a star athlete. Northampton County is on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. Michael Trower loved his family and traveled all of the time. His wife is Jennilynn Trower. He has three sons of Michael, Elijah, and Jacob of Norfolk, Virginia. His father-in-law is Ed Hangka of Norfolk, Virginia. His two siblings are David Trower Jr. of Marietta, Georgia, and Joe Ann Bentley of Suffolk, Virginia. His four nieces and one nephew are Dayzia, De'Andre', Jy'shun, Amaya, and Kaityln.The parents of Michael Trower Sr. (1979-2018) are David Young Trower (b. 1949) and Sheila Lorine Jordan (b. 1955). The parents of David Young Trower are David Young Trower Sr. and Carrie Bernice Satchell (1910-1979). The parents of Carrie Bernice Satchell were John Satchell (b. 1882) and Ethel Kelly (b. 1885). The parents of Ethel Kelly (b. 1830) were George Kelly and Easter Perkins (1840-1910). The parents of Easter Perkins were my 4th great grandparents, George Perkins I (b. 1815) and Esther Perkins (b. 1816). George and Esther Perkins lived in the Eastern Shore of Virginia.
Thanksgiving is a unique time of the year when people not only have human camaraderie. It is also a time when friends support each other, relatives support each other, and people eat a lot of food. Food makes Thanksgiving very powerful as this is the time of the year when men and women show out to represent their culinary skills in creating turkey, apple pie, sweet potato pie, cranberry sauce, macaroni and cheese, potato salad, hamburgers, other vegetables (like greens, broccoli, and other items), and a diversity of items. This time of Thanksgiving is very important. It is the time when we seriously evaluate ourselves and recognize things more important than just money alone. Many extreme materialists view money as the most important thing in life. Yet, we shall not live by bread alone but by the words commanded from the mouth of God. Thanksgiving has been celebrated for centuries. It has been a modern American holiday since the days of Abraham Lincoln in 1863. The Pilgrims' 1621 harvest festival with Native Americans (that is, who we talk about Thanksgiving) has many events tied to it.
The real story about Thanksgiving is complex and long. During Thanksgiving dinner, people eat turkey, mashed potatoes, stuffing, various pies, cranberry sauce, macaroni and cheese, various cakes, sweet potatoes, corn, green beans, and other items. Many of these foods are native to America. There are massive parades in cities like New York City, Los Angeles, St. Louis, Boston, etc. Historian Michael Gannon claimed that there was a Thanksgiving meal on September 8, 1565, in St. Augustine, Florida. There was a Jamestown Thanksgiving in Virginia in 1610. There was another Thanksgiving on December 4, 1619, by English settlers at Berkeley Hundred, Charles City (in Virginia on the James River).
The Pilgrims and Native Americans' Thanksgiving event taking place in 1621, must be explained in detail. First, there is a distinction between the Pilgrims and Puritans of the United Kingdom. The Pilgrims came to New England first by 1620, most were working class and poor, there were Separatists from the Church of England; they settled in Plymouth. Many of their leaders were William Bradford and William Brewster. The Puritans were upper-middle-class and wealthy. They came to New England later by 1629. Many were educated, most were dedicated to supporting the Church of England. Many settled in Salem plus Boston, and their leaders were folks like John Winthrop, John Endicott, and the wicked Miles Standish. Both groups wanted to create their own government other than the UK. The Pilgrims had weapons and had more liberal ideals than the Puritans (who were more conservative, wanting a union of church and state).
First, Europe was in a different era by the early 1600's. Monarchies dominated the European continent. Many people were arrested for expressing political and religious dissent with the authorities. The Reformation occurred a century ago, which caused a massive challenge to the Roman Catholic Church's religious power in Europe. The leadership of the Roman Catholic Church promoted superstitions that have no basis in Scripture, like calling the Pope Holy Father, transubstantiation, purgatory, veneration of images, prayers threw people (who passed away, which is akin to divination), the Rosary, etc. Therefore, the Pilgrims wanted religious freedom, separating from the English state church. The English state church was Anglican. The Pilgrims were formed in 1605 when they were led by John Smyth, John Robinson, Richard Clyfton, etc. They wanted churches to be voluntary democratic congregations, not whole Christian nations. The Church of England forced people to attend services or face fines or imprisonment. This took place during the era of King James I. King James I was right to disagree with many of the doctrines of the Vatican, but even he was wrong to persecute dissidents like Baptists and Anabaptists (Baptists and Anabaptists refused to baptize infant babies). The Puritans wanted to reform the Church of England. Many Pilgrims escaped to the Netherlands to escape the religious persecution done by the Church of England. They lived in Leiden, Holland (a city with 30,000 people). They worked hard in trades on textiles, printing, and brewing trades. Many Pilgrims were at Leiden University. William Bradford worked in Leiden, and William Brewster taught English at the university. Because of the different cultures and political issues in the Netherlands, the Pilgrims decided to go to America. Many were on the Speedwell to leave by July 1620 from Delfshaven. More left on the Mayflower ship.
They were in Plymouth by November 1620 in America. The Mayflower Compact was a promise to make a colony vote by majority and set up their own affairs involving governing affairs. Later, they saw the Nauset Native Americans. Native Americans visited by Europeans before as British imperialist Thomas Hunt kidnapped 20 people from the Patuxet Native Americans. One of the Patuxet men was Squanto, who was an ally of the Plymouth colony. Squanto could speak fluently in English. He came to America from England to see his village dead from the plague. The Pilgrims built homes and a colony by January 1621. William Bradford was the governor of the Plymouth colony in 1621 after the death of John Carver. By March 22, 1621, the Pilgrims of Plymouth Colony signed a peace treaty with Massasoit of the Wampanoag. When the first house was finished, it immediately became a hospital for the ill Pilgrims. Thirty-one of the company were dead by the end of February, with deaths still rising. Coles Hill became the first cemetery, on a prominence above the beach, and they allowed grass to overgrow the graves for fear that the Native Americans would discover how weakened the settlement had actually become.
The Plymouth colonists, today known as Pilgrims, had settled in a part of eastern Massachusetts formerly occupied by the Patuxet Native Americans, who had died in a devastating epidemic between 1614 and 1620. After the harsh winter of 1620-1621 killed half of the Plymouth colonists, two Native intermediaries, Samoset and Tisquantum (more commonly known by the diminutive variant Squanto, and the last living member of the Patuxet) came in at the request of Massasoit, leader of the Wampanoag, to negotiate a peace treaty and establish trade relations with the colonists, as both men had some knowledge of English from previous interactions with Europeans, through both trade (Samoset) and a period of enslavement (Squanto). Massasoit had hoped to establish a mutual protection alliance between the Wampanoag, themselves greatly weakened by the same plague that extirpated the Patuxet, and the better-armed English in their long-running rivalry with the Narragansett, who had largely been spared from the epidemic. The Wampanoag reasoned that, given that the Pilgrims had brought women and children, they had not arrived to wage war against them. Squanto taught the Pilgrims how to catch eel and grow corn and served as an interpreter for them until he too succumbed to disease a year later. The Wampanoag leader Massasoit also gave food to the colonists when supplies brought from England proved insufficient. Having brought in a good harvest, the Pilgrims celebrated at Plymouth for three days in the autumn of 1621. The exact time is unknown, but James Baker, a former Plimoth Plantation vice president of research, stated in 1996, "The event occurred between Sept. 21 and Nov. 11, 1621, with the most likely time being around Michaelmas (Sept. 29), the traditional time." Seventeenth-century accounts do not identify this as a day of thanksgiving, but rather as a harvest celebration.
John Two-Hawks, who runs the Native Circle web site, gives a sketch of the facts: “Thanksgiving' did not begin as a great loving relationship between the pilgrims and the Wampanoag, Pequot and Narragansett people. In fact, in October of 1621 when the pilgrim survivors of their first winter in Turtle Island sat down to share the first unofficial 'Thanksgiving' meal, the Indians who were there were not even invited! There was no turkey, squash, cranberry sauce or pumpkin pie. A few days before this alleged feast took place, a company of 'pilgrims' led by Miles Standish actively sought the head of a local Indian chief, and an 11 foot high wall was erected around the entire Plymouth settlement for the very purpose of keeping Indians out!”
Dr. Apidta writes: “He [Myles Standish] went to the Indians, pretended to be a trader, then beheaded an Indian man named Wituwamat. He brought the head to Plymouth, where it was displayed on a wooden spike for many years, according to Gary B. Nash, ‘as a symbol of white power.’ Standish had the Indian man's young brother hanged from the rafters for good measure. From that time on, the whites were known to the Indians of Massachusetts by the name ‘Wotowquenange,’ which in their tongue meant cutthroats and stabbers.” These are the Wampanoag people of our time who experienced injustice.
According to accounts by Wampanoag descendants, the harvest feast was originally set up for the Pilgrims alone (contrary to the common misconception that the Wampanoag were invited for their help in teaching the pilgrims their agricultural techniques). Part of the harvest celebration involved a demonstration of arms by the colonists, and the Wampanoag, having entered into a mutual protection agreement with the colonists and likely mistaking the celebratory gunfire for an attack by a common enemy, arrived fully armed. The Wampanoag were welcomed to join the celebration, as their farming and hunting techniques had produced much of the bounty for the Pilgrims and contributed their own foods to the meal. The Puritans came later to America. In 1630, the first ships of the Great Puritan Migration sailed to the New World, led by John Winthrop. From 1629 through 1643, approximately 21,000 Puritans immigrated to New England. The Puritans also believed they were in a national covenant with God. They believed they were chosen by God to help redeem the world by their total obedience to his will. If they were true to the covenant, they would be blessed; if not, they would fail. Many of the Puritans had a state religion. By the 1620s, most of the Patuxet people were wiped out before the Mayflower landed in America. The Massachusett Native Americans lived in the north of Plymouth Colony, led by Chief Massasoit, and the Pokaonet tribe being north, east, and south. Tisquantum was with the Patuxets.
The Narragansett tribe lived in Rhode Island. Massasoit has to make a decision to either form an alliance with the Plymouth colonists (to protect himself from the rival Narragansetts) or form a tribal coalition to drive the colonists out. There was a temporary alliance between Massasoit and the colonists. There was Samoset, being a sachem being allied with Massasoit. Bradford and Tisquantum were friends. Bradford was taught by Tisquantum on survival skills. He taught him how to plant corn, to fish, and other actions. Later, the colonists learned that the Narrangsetts attacked the Pokanokets and took Massasoit. Many people rescued a Billington boy. Governor Bradford organized an armed task force of a dozen men under the command of Miles Standish to Corbitant. Corbitant made his peace via Massasoit. By the 1630s, more tensions existed among Native Americans and the colonists. John Winthrop was wrong to write that it was God's will for smallpox to cause the death of Native Americans. In a letter to England, Massachusetts Bay colony founder John Winthrop wrote, "But for the natives in these parts, God hath so pursued them, as for 300 miles space the greatest part of them are swept away by smallpox which still continues among them. So as God hath thereby cleared our title to this place, those who remain in these parts, being in all not 50, have put themselves under our protection." Before the Pilgrim colony, many British imperialists enslaved Native Americans. Another common practice among European explorers was to give "smallpox blankets" to the Native Americans. Since smallpox was unknown on this continent before the arrival of the Europeans, Native Americans did not have any natural immunity to the disease so smallpox would effectively wipe out entire villages with very little effort required by the Europeans. From 1615 to 1619 smallpox ran rampant among the Wampanoags and their neighbors to the north. The Wampanoag lost 70 percent of their population to the epidemic and the Massachusetts lost 90 percent.
The Pequot War started a new chapter when a further genocide of Native Americans in Massachusetts reached new heights of destruction. Bradford has an alliance with Massasoit and the nearby Pakanoket tribe. By August 14, 1621, Myles Standish led an attack in trying to kill Corbitant. When Pokanoet people tried to escape, Standish's men fired their muskets. This caused a Pokanet man and woman to be wounded. Standish stabbed Pecksuot (a member of the Massashcusett, a rival of Massasoit) with his own knife. Standish ordered two more Massachuett warriors to be killed. The Pilgrims were allied with the Wampanoag since 1621. The Pequots allied with the Dutch colonists, and the Mohegans with the British colonies. Competition over the fur trade and conflicts inspired the Pequot War. The Pequot war had the deaths of colonists and massacres of Native Americans. The war ended with the Pequot's defeat. At the point where the Mystic River meets the sea, the combined force of English and allied Indians bypassed the Pequot fort to attack and set ablaze a town full of women, children, and old people.
William Bradford, the former Governor of Plymouth and one of the chroniclers of the 1621 feast, was also on hand for the great Mystic River massacre of 1637:
"Those that escaped the fire were slain with the sword; some hewed to pieces, others run through with their rapiers, so that they were quickly dispatched and very few escaped. It was conceived they thus destroyed about 400 at this time. It was a fearful sight to see them thus frying in the fire...horrible was the stink and scent thereof, but the victory seemed a sweet sacrifice, and they gave the prayers thereof to God, who had wrought so wonderfully for them, thus to enclose their enemies in their hands, and give them so speedy a victory over so proud and insulting an enemy."
King Philip's War took place from 1675 to 1676. This war happened after Massasoit's son Metacom saw that the colonists violated the alliance between the Wampanoags and the colonists. Metacom is Massasoit's son. Many Native Americans were hanged and murdered. Native Americans attacked homesteads and villages. After the Mystic Massacre, Narragansett leader Miantonomh united with Algonquian leaders in the 1640s to unite against the colonists together. Negotiations fell apart as Puritans didn't recognize women leaders among Native American people. Massasoit and Metacom of the Wampanoags were prominent. The Wampanoags and settlers had issues as the settlers had intrusion of Wampanoag farms, food stores, and this continued despite complaints. Metacom didn't want his Wampanoag people to be forced to convert to Christianity. War happened, and the traitor Mammanuah signed a deed granting English colonizers the right to all the land from Pocasset Neck south to the sea. John Sassamon was a Native American convert to Christianity who wanted peace. Sassamon was later murdered. Metcomet fought the colonists, but the Mohawk, who were rivals of the Algonquian people, attacked Metacomet's forces causing a defeat. After King Philip's war, more than 1000 colonists and 3000 Native Americans died. Many Native Americans were sent to slave markets in the Caribbean from Bermuda to the Azores.
Many European colonists betrayed the Wampanoags, committing murder, scrapping, and genocide against them in New England. The genocide of Native Americans is completely evil and wrong. My black African ancestors were victims of slavery and genocide, too by the same European imperialists centuries ago. Therefore, we must separate truth and myth. The myth is that every Pilgrim and Puritan were just holy men who sought justice. The reality is that many Pilgrims and many Puritans were stone-cold murderers of Native Americans in a colonist enterprise. Also, many sincere people did desire religious freedom (as there is nothing wrong with believing in God), but the genocide of Native Americans and black Africans is completely unjustified. During this time of the year, we are thankful for the blessings that we have in our lives. We know the real history of Thanksgiving in the Plymouth Colony. Likewise, diverse thanksgiving ceremonies existed for millennia across the corners of the Earth. We can both condemn the genocide of Native Americans in the Americas and acknowledge the legitimate blessings that we have in our lives at the same time. These two things are true.
There were many debates about the Bill Clinton Presidency legacy. I lived through Bill Clinton's both terms as President from 1993 to 2001. So, I can give an up close analysis of his Presidency, because I lived through his Presidency. The legacy of Bill Clinton has been a story of 2 parts. One part is some of the legitimate policies that he enacted to help Americans. The 2nd part of his legacy is the moderate/neoliberal policies from Clinton that harmed Americans. To this day, the far right characterizes Bill Clinton as a Communist, a far-left extremist, and in league with extremism. That is a lie, because I researched Bill Clinton's legacy, as it showed me that he was a centrist President with ties to the CFR and other establishment organizations. Yet, he was not a far-right or progressive President at all. Bill Clinton rose up after 12 years of Republican rule from Reagan and Bush Sr. Clinton said that the era of big government was over, which was in contradiction to the New Deal type of liberalism common in the 20th century. Bill Clinton promised taxpayers and workers increased taxes on the super-rich, and other promises. Clinton indeed caused a major expansion of economic growth during the 1990s. Yet, Clinton came from the right-to-work state of Arkansas. Clinton's Presidency saw a federal surplus. By 1993, Clinton was pressured by moderates and neoliberals to support trade liberalization, financial deregulation, and privatization of many government services. Much of the economic growth were in hospitality, care work, retail trade, etc. Many of these jobs didn't have pensions, health benefits, etc. Universal health care was not passed in the 1990s. There was the NAFTA bill passed, the end of welfare as we know it, and other policies that were wrong in my estimated. This doesn't mean that the Clinton Presidency got everything wrong. He was right to promote an economic package with tax increases on the super-rich, he expanded the Earned Income Tax credit, expanded Pell Grants, lowered student loan interest rates, and arranged peace talks between Israel and Palestine, plus Israel and Jordan. Clinton survived many scandals, including the Lewinsky scandal, when Bill Clinton was wrong to commit adultery, but there was a debate whether such acts and lying about his adultery merited his impeachment and removal from office. Bill Clinton was not removed from office by the Senate. The crime rate declined with Bill Clinton as President too. There was the controversial Crime Bill of 1994 signed by Clinton. In other words, there is nothing wrong with fighting crime, but you have to fight crime with respect to civil liberties and human rights, too. In foreign policy, Clinton dealt with Bosnia, Kosovo, the genocide in Rwanda (Bill Clinton admitted that he regretted intervening in Rwanda to stop the genocide in the nation), and other issues. The Clinton era was a transition between the old school technologies and the Internet Age that grew massively in the 1990s and beyond.
Times have changed, but injustice is still the same. Injustice represents the same old lie, and that lie is that your neighbor is inferior to you based on background. The truth is that all people are created equal in the Universe who are entitled to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. 30 years ago, many people would not have believed that today, in 2025, we would have so much more progress being gone than back then. The truth is that some people had naivete, and the far-right movement that existed back then has grown more in our generation. The same far-right terrorists who murdered innocent people in the OKC Bombing back in 1995 have terrorized people now with ICE arresting innocent American citizens based on color and language, and far-right-wing terrorists threatening progressives to this very day. Now, a far-right extremist and fascist Donald Trump, desires to murder people in the Caribbean without due process of law, wants to whitewash American history (like his racist MAGA ally Dinesh D'Souza who said that the American slave was treated pretty well. Dinesh is the same liar who downplayed the contributions of Rosa Parks when Rosa Parks was a revolutionary who fought for prison reform, fought against the Vietnam War, and supported civil rights) found in our museums, etc. The Turner Diaries was filled with racism and bigotry. The Project 2025 document outlines the goals of Trumpism overtly, and the accelerationist movement now is filled with racism and bigotry that desires to revert American democracy into an old-school, tyrannical monarchical system. As Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. said decades ago, slavery contributed to the growth of American capitalism for centuries. The good news is that we can do something about this reality to peacefully change the conditions in the world by voting, peacefully protesting, doing boycotts, educating people, opposing imperialism, rejecting bigotry and xenophobia, helping our family (plus friends and loved ones), organizing economic and political power, and standing up for the dignity of the oppressed in the world.
By Timothy
