In our generation, more people are understanding about human anatomy including the muscular system. That is why there is nothing wrong with studying biology, anatomy, and physiology in getting a better knowledge of health. What is muscle? Muscle is a type of tissue of the human body. You have muscle cells. They are called myoctyes. They are developed via myogenesises. The strands of muscles are called myofibrils which is made up of sacomeres. These sacromeres have proteins called actin and myosin. These proteins aids in contraction of the sacromeres. Major muscle groups are the skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle systems. Our involuntary muscles are directed by the autonomic nervous system. Involuntary muscle controls the hollow organs of the body. They are the intestines and stomach. Cardiac muscles deals with the heart and the circulatory system. An organ can be a whole muscle. Muscles allow the body to move in helping bones, ligaments, and tendons. The heart is not a muscle organ, but it is an organ. It is not a muscle per se, but it has cardiac muscle. The heart is linked to a network of veins and arteries where blood is transported to parts of the human body. Four chambers are made up of the heart. The right atrium gets blood from the veins moving it to the right ventricle. The right ventricle must take blood from the right atrium to pump it to the lungs, which is filled with oxygen. The left atrium is given oxygenated blood from the lungs and then pumps it to the left ventricle. The left ventricle then pumps oxygen rich blood to other parts of the human body. The human brain is part of another organ system. It is not a muscle. It has about 86 billion neurons. Keeping the human brain active will improve the cognitive health of the human mind. That is why reading, learning new things, and social interaction readily protect the human brain. So, the human body has up to 639 muscles. Some people have more or less than that amount. Many muscles may defer in size depending on the individual person. There is atrophy and hypertrophy involving muscles. The smallest muscle is the stapedius muscle. It stabilize the ear. The biggest muscle is the obvious muscle that deals with hip extension relating to walking, running, and standing. The human face has muscles too. Muscle cells stop growing after birth. So, a person can increase the size of muscle cells that they already have. Increasing muscle strength deals with resistance training that can induce muscular hypertrophy. Atropy happens when muscles are not in use. Building muscle strength is done effectively by lifting weights. Running, walking, and swimming develop fitness too. When a person exercises, his or her's muscles have tears. So, sacromeres are added to repair tears. Myrofibrils expand the mass of the cell. Resting helps to make hypertrophy work. The body needs time to recovery. Protein and carbohydrates build muscles.
There is always the mystery about the life of my late first cousin Zell B. Peeples (1921-1971). She lived from April 28, 1921 at Southampton County, Virginia to 1971 at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Philadelphia is an important city of my family tree, because many of my maternal and paternal relatives traveled from Virginia into Philadelphia. I have many cousins who have lived or visited Philadelphia to this day. Zell Peeples was found passed away at the West Section area of Philadelphia on a street. Her descendants described her as tall, strong, and very prominent in her community. Zell Peeples and I share the ancestry of the same couple of Charles Peeples (1855-1922) and Fannie Fronianna Susanna Virginia Brown (1857-1946). Charles and Fannie Peeples are my 2nd great grandparents. Zell Peeples' parents were Ray Peeples (1879-1929) and Mary Anne Boyd (1887-1957). Charles Peeples is Zell's grandfather. Zell Peeples' Brothers and Sisters are Lula M. Peeples (b. 1906), Ounn Peeples (b. 1908), David I. Peeples (1908-1966), Raymond T. Peeples (1910-1978), Lucy M. Peeples, Lucy M. Peeples (b. 1914), Ida Peeples Eppes (1916-2000), Richard Peeples (1917-1999), and Charles R. Peeples (b. 1919). Zell Peeples later migrated from Virginia to Philadelphia at a young age. This is the first time I revealed this information here. I found out that there were many black Americans involved in the Normandy Invasion of World War II. This invasion was about Allied Forces coming into France to liberate people from Nazi tyranny. The Allied heroism and sacrifice are honored always. Lula Peeples (was Zell Peeples' sister) was my first cousin who was born in 1906 at Southampton County, Virginia. Her parents were Ray Peeples (1879-1929) and Mary Anne Boyd (1887-1951). Her grandfather was Charles Peeples (1855-1922). Charles Peeples is my 2nd great grandfather. Lula Peeples once married a man named Leslie Goffigon Sr. on the date of May 15, 1928 at Northampton County, Virginia (at the town of Capeville, VA on the Eastern Shore). Lula and Leslie's son was Mr. Leslie Goffigon Jr. Leslie Goffigon Jr. was not only a World War II veteran. He was part of the 239 Port Company 393 Port Battalion during World War II. He was inducted into the United States Army on March 23, 1943 at the age of 20 years old. Also, he participated in Normandy and the Northern France Campaign. He was one of the many thousands of soldiers who landed at Omaha Beach on June 6, 1944 (on D-Day). Leslie Goffigon Jr. worked for the U.S. Postal Service for 38 years. His daughter is Saundra Goffigon-Rudolph or my 3rd cousin. She was born on September 2, 1956. Saundra's son is W. Aaron Steele or my 3rd cousin. Saundra Goffigon-Rudolph's current husband is Phillip Rudolph III. On D-Day, almost 2,000 African American troops landed on the Omaha and Utah Beaches. A book that describes African American involvement in the Normandy, D-Day invasion is entitled, "Forgotten: The Untold Story of D-Day Black Heroes, At Home and At War" by Linda Hervieux. This is the first time of my life that I knew of Leslie Goffigon Jr. Now, I know.. Now, Zell Peeples had a child with Victor Brown named Alfreda P. Brown (1946-1996). Alfreda P. Brown lived in Philadelphia. Alfreda P. Brown had many children named April Brown Gordon and Janet Marie Bost (b. 1970). These 2 women are my 3rd cousins related to the Peeples family back in Virginia.
The Tillery family has a long, mysterious history too. My 2nd great grandmother was Georganna Tillery (1868-1954). Her parents were Isam Tillery (b. 1835) and Martha Jane Randolf (b. 1847). Georganna's brothers were Walter Tillery (1868-1927), Medrick Tillery (b. 1871), and John Tillery (b. 1873). Walter Tillery was my 3rd great uncle. His first wife was Sallie Gary, and they were married at 1888. Their children are Carlena Tillery (b. 1890), Core Lee Tillery (1895-1955), Rufus Flint Tillery (1896-1965), and Lucy Tillery Smith (1906-1931). His 2nd wife was Anna Page (b. 1886). Their children were Noah Tillery (b. 1908), Bessie L. Tillery (b. 1918), and Walter Tillery Jr. (1919-1987). My 1st cousin Cora Lee Tillery married Walker Beech on September 21, 1911 at Northampton County, Virginia. Their children were Rose B. Beach (b. 1916), Malvin T. Beach (b. 1918), Dale E. Beach (b. 1920), Lois Carolyn Beach (b. 1923), Dariold M. Beach (b. 1926), Filbert T. Beach (b. 1930), Carry W. Beach (b. 1930), and Barbara Ann Beach (b. 1934). My 2nd cousin Lois Carolyn Beeach was born on August 3, 1923 at Northampton County, Virginia. Her first husband was Odessa Ivery (b. 1923), and her 2nd husband was Wesley Floyd Jacobs Jr. (1923-1998) on June 14, 1948 at Cape Charles, Virginia. The children of Lois Carolyn Beach and Wesley Floyd Jacobs Jr. are Sandra Jean Jacobs (b. 1947), Thomasine Cheryl Jacobs Mcintosh (b. 1950), Crystal Louivenia Jacobs (b. 1952), and Wesley Floyd Jacobs III (b. 1954). My third cousin Crystal Louvenia Jacobs had a daughter named Crylucia Keisa Riley (b. 1981). Crylucia's father is Lucky Riley. Crylucia Keisa Riley is my 4th cousin. Therefore, the Tillery family originated from North Carolina and traveled all over America.
The late Anna Rose Claude Hundell (1943-2019) was a very heroic woman. She lived from March 8, 1943 to July 15, 2019 at Jamaica, Queens, New York City. She lived a well rounded life. Her parents were Norfleet Claud (1920-2004) and Anna Rose Turner (1921-2011). Anna Rose Claude Hundell is related to the Claud family. We share the ancestor Zilphy Claud (1820-1893). Alma was born in Norfolk, Virginia. She graduated from I.C. Norcom High School in 1961. Her siblings are Norfleet Little Claude Jr. (b. 1954), Cynthia Marie Claude (b. 1947), and Eleanora Virginia Claude (b. 1951). Alma Rose Claude married John Gordon Hudnell on July 15, 1972 at Portsmouth, Virginia. The couple had 2 children whose names are Daryle Norfleet Hudnell (b. 1975) and Doreen A. Hudnell (b. 1981). These 2 human beings are my 5th cousins. Daryle Norfleet Hudnell is a lieutenant firefighter part of the FDNY institution. My 4th cousin and the sister of Anna Rose Claude Hundell is Cynthia Marie Claude (b. 1947). She married Ulus Lee Battle on the date of June 15, 1968 at Portsmouth, Virginia. They divorced by 1998. Their children are Ulus Terrell Battle (b. 1965) and Shaun Lamont Battle (b. 1973). Ulus Terrell Battle of my 5th cousin married Glenda Dinese Cherry on November 30, 1985 at Portsmouth, Virginia. Their children are the opera singer Denise Nicole Battle (b. 1988), and the culinary expert Maria Christina Battle (b. 1992). Both of them are my 6th cousins.
Josephine Baker's early life started in St. Louis, Missouri. She was born Freda Josephine McDonald. Her mother lived in Little Rock, Arkansas. Her mother's parents were former slaves of African American and Native American descent. People speculate on the identity of Josephine Baker's biological father. People say either Eddie Carson or someone else. Josephine Baker grew up in the low income racially mixed area of 212 Targee Street (or John on Street). This was in the Mill Creek Valley neighborhood. The area had rooming homes, brothels, and apartments with no indoor plumbing. Josephine grew up very poor. She was hungry as a child, so she used street smarts to play in the railroad yards of Union Station. Her mother married Arthur Martin, and the couple had more children. Josephine Baker worked as a domestic for white families at St. Louis when she was 8. One woman burned her hands in abuse. She dropped out of school at the age of 12. She worked as a waitress at the Old Chauffeur's Club at 33 Pine Street when she was 13. By this time, she was homeless sleeping in cardboard shelters. She scavenged for food in garbage cans. She earned money by street corner dancing. Josephine met Willie Wells and married him in the same year. It only last for less than a year. Josephine worked for a street performance group called the Jones Family Band. Josephine Baker lived a rough early life. She had an up and down relationship with her mother. Her mother didn't want her to go into the entertainment business. The husband married her when she was 15 which is wild. Later, she divorced him at 1925. Josephine Baker performed and gave her mother and younger half sister money and gifts. Later, Josephine Baker came into France.
When Josephine Baker was 15, she came into NYC during the Harlem Renaissance. She performed at the Plantation Club. She worked for the St. Louis Chorus vaudeville show. She was in the chorus lines of the groundbreaking and famous Broadway revues of Shuffle Along (1921) with Adelaide Hall and the Chocolate Dandies (1924). Florence Mills performed at the Plantation Club too. Baker used comedy in her dance routine too. This was part of her signature style. Later, Baker was the highest paid chorus girl in vaudeville at that time. Her mother disapproved of the blackface comedy at local clubs that she did. Baker would later live in Paris. Josephine Baker came to Paris by October 2, 1925 in the La Revue Negre. She was 19 at the Theatre de Champs-Elysees. Bricktop, or another black performed traveled to Paris, too. Bricktop was Ada Smith. She lived form 1894 to 1984. Josephine Baker did erotic dancing in Paris. Sometimes, she was readily almost nude onstage. She toured Europe. She starred at the Folies Bergere. She wore a banana costume. At times, she used a pet cheetah named Chiquita. Ernest Hemingway, Picasso, and Jean Cocteau knew her. By 1929, she was the first African American star to visit Yugoslavia. Her early manager was Giuseppe Pepito Abtatino. She promoted the successful song "J'ai deux amours" in 1931. She was in 3 films called Siren of the Tropics in 1927, Zouzou in 1934, and Princesse Tam Tam in 1935. She was in Fausse Alerte in 1940. She was praised in Paris, but racists called her slurs in America. She was so heartbroken in America (after being Broadway's Ziegfield Follies) that she was a legal citizen of France and gave up American citizenship. She came into Paris in 1937, and she married the French industrialist Jean Lion. They married in the French town Crececoeur le Grand presided by the mayor Jammy Schmidt.
This is the common argument I heard from many conservative fundamentalists and Evangelicals on why they want us to vote for Trump. They believe that because they claim that Trump is religious or better than the other side, then we should vote for him. I disagree with this assumption for many reasons. It is clear that Trump is a racist and a sexist which goes against any authentic spiritual or religious doctrine. That certainly against the Golden Rule. Trump is a racist, because he said that a Mexican American judge can't judge fairly because of his Mexican heritage, that there are good people on both sides involving neo-Nazis and peaceful protesters (at Charlottesville, Virginia), he wanted the death penalty against the Central Park Five even after they were proven to be innocent, and he claimed that Jewish people who don't support him are "disloyal." He is a sexist, because he regularly disrespects the physical appearances of women, he bragged about grabbing women by their privates, and he uses sexist slurs against women that he disagrees with. This is plainly against many Scriptures from the OT and NT. Even the Bible condemns lewd behavior and unjust hatred of innocent people. Trump has said that he doesn't ask God forgiveness. He mocked communion as a cookie which is disrespectful to the remembrance of communion. Trump held up the Bible as a prop (in front of a church) after he allowed policing authorities to harm innocent protesters in Washington, D.C. months ago. These protesters wanted to end police brutality against black people. We know that Trump may have committed adultery, ripped off people financially, and is a habitual liar. Trump on a June 25, 2020 town hall meeting with Sean Hannity, Trump called himself a "perfect person." Yet, no human on this Earth is perfect. While spirituality teaches compassion to children, Trump has allowed children to be ripped from mothers at the border (and force migrants to live in dilapidated camps). Trump has used racist language to describe mostly black nations. He has even cursed out peaceful NFL protesters who desire social justice. So, it is hypocritical for Evangelicals, who support Trump, to lecture progressives on morality when Trump has promoted lax morality in his life. There is nothing wrong with promoting fair taxes on the super wealthy, protecting the environment, have equal protection under the law, and seek voting rights preserved including expanded.
The end of the Cold War was from the years of 1985 to 1991. This was a time where massive changes in the world occurred. Apartheid in South Africa ended, the Persian Gulf War was in existence, and the Soviet Union would soon ended. Ronald Reagan found a person who would aid in the transition of the Soviet Union into many republics who is Gorbachev. Gorbachev witnessed the massive declining infrastructure of the Soviet Union. The many changes in Eastern Europe weren't completely bloodless. At lot of violence happened among both sides in order to end the Stalinist regimes in Eastern Europe. The problem with those regimes wasn't about socialism per se. It was about those regimes that limited the democratic rights of free speech, protesting, various economic rights, and other things that many freedom loving people take for granted. Gorbachev using political reform in glasnost and economic reforms of perestroika weren't enough to save the Soviet Union. The USSR also fell, because it faced a costly arms race with America. The Soviet occupation of Afghanistan ended. The Berlin Wall fell which led to the independence of Germany in reunification. Revolutions swept the Soviet Bloc states of Western Europe in 1989. We know how the CIA and the Vatican worked together in Poland to end the Stalinist regime there. The end of the Cold War existed by the time President George H. W. Bush was President. World culture changed as international superstars were increasingly black people like Michael Jackson, Prince, Janet Jackson, Jody Watley, Luther Vandross, Whitney Houston, Anita Baker, etc. Cable TV expanded greatly with ESPN and CNN. In 1991, Russia was born. Yeltsin would take over and neo-liberal capitalism would rule Russia to this day. Remaining Soviet troops left Eastern Europe by the mid 1990s. The Cold War was finished by many decades of developments.
The development of human health has always been a legitimate goal among human history. Health is one major component of human existence. One misconception about health is that you have to disrespect one's physical appearance in order to advance legitimate health. That is not the case. In any endeavor we pursue, we always believe in treating our neighbor as ourselves as found in the Golden Rule. Our goal involving health should always be to inspire lives, to educate people, to fight for change in society positively, and to be a blessing for the human family. One of the primary goals of improving health is the physical, mental, and social development of the human race. Ever since the end of World War II, new technologies have developed to fight diseases, measure health conditions, and establish more solutions to problems. We still have a long way to go in our world with record wildfires, pollution, climate change, the pandemic being spread internationally, and other complications. Yet,, throughout the ages of time, there is always a remnant of dedicated human beings who are doctors, nurses, therapists, scientists, researchers, fitness experts, and other people who make it their life's work in enriching human lives involving health. One lesson out of life is to never give up. We believe in that credo too, because no matter where we are in the road of life, we have equal value in the eyes of God.
The freedoms found in the Bill of Rights remain powerful after all of these centuries of American history. Historically, American society readily haven't lived up the the values found in the Bill of Rights, but we always fight for basic human rights regardless of what time we live in. Bigotry, injustice, and violations to human liberty have no justification in any era of time period. It is important to show to the world what the Bill of Rights mean. The Bill of Rights are the first 10 Amendments to the American Constitution. The Bill of Rights was ratified by December 15, 1791 in a compromise among Federalists and Anti-Federalists. The Anti-Federalists feared that the federal government's power over the states would be too powerful. So, the Federalists and others used the Bill of Rights to make sure that individual human rights were protected. Obviously, we know that the most powerful people in America back then wanted to maintain the interests of mainly landowning wealthy white men not all Americans. James Madison mainly wrote the Bill of Rights. The Anti-Federalists were right that a Bill of Rights was necessary, but they were wrong in overly desiring some weak national government. The First Amendment had no establishment of religion, it promoted the freedom of the press, the freedom of speech, the right of the people to peacefully assemble (or protest), and the right to petition the government for a redress of grievances. The 2nd Amendment maintains the right of the people to bear arms. This came from English Common law and in the English Bill of rights of 1689. There is a regulation of bearing arms as explained by the Supreme Court in later years. Heller in 2008 acknowledges the the right to bear arms is individual, but legitimate regulations in some circumstances can be done. The 3rd Amendment restricts the quartering of soldiers in private homes. The 4th Amendment bans unreasonable searches and seizures and wants a warrant to be judicially sanctioned. The 5th Amendment bans double jeopardy and self-incrimination. It promotes the rights of due process, grand juries, and compensation of the seizure of private property under eminent domain. Later in 1966, Miranda v. Arizona states that defendants must be informed of their rights to an attorney and against self-incrimination before interrogation by the police. The 6th Amendment promoted a speedy trial and an impartial jury. A trial can be inform witnesses, a person can can have counsel, witnesses can appear in court, etc. The 7th Amendment guarantees jury trials ind federal civil cases that deal with claims of more than 20 dollars. It bans judges from overruling findings of the fact by juries in federal civil trials. The Supreme Court later said that the Amendment's requirements could be done by a jury with least 6 members. The 8th Amendment bans excessive bails or fines and bans cruel and unusual punishment. The 9th Amendment said that there are fundamental rights that exist outside of the Constitution. The 10th Amendment deals with the separation of powers and federalism. It mentioned that the powers not delegated by the United States Constitution nor prohibited by it to the states are reserved to the states or to the people. Sometimes, Congress has circumvented the 10th Amendment by invoking the commerce clause in Article One.
For thousands of years, people have fought for their human rights. We desire to live in peace. We believe in strong communities. Back then, human beings wanted justice. This time is no different. The only difference now is that we have much more advanced technologies than yesteryear. Today, we have sophisticated intelligence agencies that monitor communications worldwide. We have debates on civil liberties all of the time. Next year will be the 20th year anniversary of the Patriot Act. It was passed immediately after 9/11. From the start, I disagreed with it on civil liberty grounds. To me, it made an ambiguous definition of terrorism. So, we see how civil liberties relate to our time. Whistle blowers have exposed how the NSA had a secret spy program against Americans, we see the growth of DARPA for decades, and social justice issues are prominently presented in our society. From nanotechnology to other issues, we have every right to discuss and debate the issue of civil liberties. The truth is that there must always be a balance of protecting civil liberties and maintaining a social safety net. It is not evil for the federal government to use resources to help people (in dealing with health, education, housing, the environment, etc.) or protect voting rights. It is evil for the government to suppress human rights though. One example is how Jim Crow apartheid decades ago harmed the right to assembly and other basic democratic freedoms. That is why heroic people of many backgrounds organized and mobilized to eliminate legalized Jim Crow apartheid. Not all laws are just. Therefore, it is our responsibilities to eliminate unjust laws, so just laws can flourish in the world. Many groups now dedicate their lives to protect our civil liberties too.
By Timothy
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